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It is commonly faid, that in fome cafes men make a virtue of neceffity; and I think always fo; for all virtuous inclination is grounded only upon the neceflary fubmiffion of the will to the direction of the understanding.

Univerfal confent imot always a fufficient reafon to found our belief upon. There was a time when all the world, except the Jews, agreed in idolatry; and fometimes the Jews agreed with them.

Great reading, without applying it, is like corn heaped, that is not irred: it grows muity.

The wife of an angry man thould fay little, but rather write down her anfwers, that her husband may cool while he is reading.

Abfence leffens fmall paflions, and increases great ones; as the wind extinguishes tapers, and kindles fires.

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It is impoffible that an ill-natured man can have a public fpirit; for how fhould he love ten thousand men, who never loved one?

Some men mean fq very well to themselves, that they forget to mean well to any body elle.

Thote are thought to have read much, who fpeak of it often; which is only a fign of not digefting what they read: juft as a man's bringing up his fupper is a proof of eatings but a very difagreeable one.

We etteem things according to their intrinfic merit; it is ftrange that man thould be an exception. We prize a hofe for his ftrength and courage, not his furniture. We prize a man for his fumptuous palace, his great train, his vaft revenue; yet thefe are his furniture, not his mind.

C. C. C.

An Account of the PENTROUGH, invented by George Quayle, Efq. for the equalizing of the Water falling on Water-wheels: With a Reprefentation of the fame on a Copper Plate.

F the important Ufes of the Pentrough above-mentioned, for which Mr. Quayle received the premium of a filver medal, from the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. the following Account is extracted from his Letter to the Secretary of the Society:

In all mills worked by water, fome inconvenience is found to arife from the irregularity of speed, occafioned by the variation of the head of water at the Fentrough. The fpecific weight being neceffarily proportioned to the perpendicular altitude of the water, its velocity is increafed by a greater, and diminished by a lefs head. No accurate judgment as to the quantity really admitted, can be formed, from the pofition of the shuttle. The fpace only is regulated by this; but the quantity of water paffing through that space depends on its fpecific gravity, in proportion to which its courfe is accelerated: befides, where the race is of any confiderable length, the

rain-water which falls into it, and that which gains admiffion from the ad joining lands, baffles all calculation, as to the quantity really paffing into the dam or refervoir: and the fhuttles at the dam head are fubject to the fame evil. Any irregularity in the head of water falling on the wheel is of courfe communicated to the internal machinery; from whence much inconvenience muft arife if all manufactories where precision in the movements is requifite; and particularly thofe of filk and cotton.

The giving an even, regular motion to water-wheels, appears therefore a defideratum in hydraulics. It can only, I conceive, be obtained by equalizing the quantity of water falling on the wheel; but while the ufual fyftem is purfued, of delivering it from the bottom of the Pentrough, it does not appear eafy to fuggeft means by which all irregularity can be prevented.

In order to remedy this inconveni-
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ence, and infure a conftantly regular fupply of water on the wheel, it appeared to me, that means might be devifed of regulating the quantity delivered, by a float, and taking the whole of the water from the furface.

After feveral experiments, the machine of which I have now the honour of fending you a fketch and defcr ption enclosed, and of which a model accompanies this letter, bids fair to anfwer the purpose.

Another advantage attends the ufe of this thuttle: room may be faved in the extent of the dam, as the water may be fuffered to rife to a greater height, without the inconvenience attending the increafed velocity of its discharge. In cafes alfo of temporary deficiency, the water which remains, will, by this means, be worked to the greatest advantage.'

1

SECTION of the PENTROUGH.

FIGURE I.

A, The entrance of the water. B, The float, having a circular aperture in the centre; in which is fufpended

C, A cylinder, running down ia the cafe E, below the bottom of the pentrough. This is made water tight, at the bottom of the pentrough, at F, by a leather collar placed between two plates, and fcrewed down to the bottom.

The cylinder is fecured to the float fo as to follow its rife and fall; and the water is admitted into it through the opening in its fides, and there, paffing through the box or cafe E, rifes and flues at G, on the wheel. By this means, a uniform quantity of water is obtained at G; which quantity can be increafed or diminished by the affiftance of a fmall rack and pinion attached to the cylinder, which will raile or deprefs the cylinder above or under the water line of the Hout;

and, by raifing it up to the top, it ftops the water entirely, and aniwers the purpose of the common fhuttle: This pinion is turned by the handle H, fimilar to a winch-handle; and is fecured from running down by a ratchet wheel, at the oppofite end of the pinion axis.

K and L are two upright rods, to preferve the perpendicular rise and finking of the float, running through the float, and fecured at the top by brackets from the fides.

M, A board let down across the pentrough, nearly to the bottom, to prevent the horizontal impulfe of the water from disturbing the float.

FIGURE II.

A cross fection, fhowing the mode of fixing the rack and pinion, and their fupports, on the float. The rack is inferted into a piece of metal running across the cylinder, near the top.

That the water may pafs more freely, when nearly exhaufted, the bottom of the cylinder is not a plane, but is cut away fo as to leave two feet, as at C, fig. 1.

The float is alfo kept from lying on the pentrough bottom, by four small feet; fo that the water gets under it regularly from the first.

FIGURE III.

An enlarged view of the cylinder, fhewing the rack and ratchet wheel, with the click, and one of the openings on the fide of the cylinder: the winch, or handie, being on the oppofite fide, and the pinion, by which the rack is raised, inclosed in a box between them.

The scale of the model is one inch to a foot.

The annexed figures are reduced to one fixth.

HOR

HORTENSIA, or the WISDOM of EXPLANATION; a New Moral Tale, by M. de Marmontel.

HO

ORTENSIA de Livernon was endued with qualities, which are often found united in the female mind, although they are generally at variance with each other. She was born with a virtuous mind, a tender heart, and a giddy imagination. She had also received two incompatible educations: one under the eye of an excellent mother, who was conftantly advifing her to be prudent and modeft; and the other before her glass, which told her, every morning, that the was handfome, and formed for univerfal conquest.

She was married to the marquis de Vervanne, in the bloom of beauty, and lived with him three years with uninterrupted felicity. The only thing they were reproached with, was the being too attentive to each other in company.

By imperceptible degrees, however, the fondness of the hufband was lefs confcious; and the wife was observed to be lefs indifferent to the admirers that encircled her. When either of them was not punctual to the appointed hour, it was remarked that the other looked lefs frequently at his watch, and no longer appeared fo very abfent. Now, indeed,' faid their friends, they are becoming rational. It is highly proper that after the first blaze, fuch an ardent paffion fhould cool. Their company would have been infupportable if fuch exceffive fondness had continued.'

when, on a fudden, the public was informed that they were feparated, and that Hortenfia had juft been fent back to her mother, to the old caftle of Livernon, which that lady inhabited in a diftant province.

This news gave rife to a thoufand conjectures; but no one could telf what to think of this unhappy event. Hortenfia, naturally gentle and goodnatured, had been forgiven for her beauty and happiness; and neither the malice of her fex nor the licentious tongues of the men could impute to her a ferious error. Even fuppofing that fhe had inadvertently made a falle ftep, a husband who had himself refumed his former gallantry of manners, and who was feen the protector of rifing talents, behind the fcenes, could not be entirely free from cenfure. After all, Hortenfia had behaved with fuch propriety, that before this event, the had never been detected in any thing that could excite the flighteft fufpicion. But what subjected Vervanne more particularly to reproach, was the hardness of heart, with which, they faid, he had denied his weeping wife, the confolation of her only daughter's company in her exile; and, accordingly, from that moment, the fashionable world confidered him as an unnatural monfler.

To Vervanne, what might be faid in a world in which he was longer. feen, and of which he would no longer make a part, was immaterial. He was diftracted by a far different anxiety; that of banishing from his heart the idea of a woman he had loved fo long.

But though a crowd of admirers furrounded the youthful Hortenfia; and though, without diftinguiting any one, the did not appear to dildain their homage; although the mar- The infidelity imputed to her bore quis, morcover, on his part, no longer too much, alas! the appearance of befet his wife with that affiduity, which irrefiftible evidence; and it would have renders a husband so troublesome in been the excess of weakness to seek the eyes of an admirer, yet every an excufe where none could exit. thing till befpoke the most happyHow can I doubt her guilt,' would union, and fix years had elapfed with he fay, after having furprised her out the leaft appearance of a cloud, in the arms of a perfidious friend,

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who lavished fo much complaifance upon me, with no other view than to rob me of my peace. With the deteftable arts of adulation in which he excels, he no doubt seduced the unhappy creature, who liftened to him innocently, perhaps, without perceiving the fnare to which he was expofed. What a bane to fociety are thofe wretches who thus fport with the honour and peace of a whole family! 'Tis the vanity of women, their filly coquetry, and thoughtless credulity, that ruins them. But we, who fpend our youth in inventing artifices to triumph over their weaknefs, with what feverity do we punish them, if they unfortunately yield to feduction! How much do I myself deteft in ano-ther, a crime of which I have been equally guilty! And with what rigour do I punith a weak woman, mach lefs culpable than I am! Yet, alas! after having adored her, I ftill love her enough to pity her, and to lament her fall. But, by an irrefiftible impulfe, I feel myfelf fet against her; and it would be impoffible for my heart to fympathize with hers. I have never been wanting to my plighted faith to her. She alone has broken her vows, and has deceived me. Did I even adore her, I would never fee her again it would be diftraction to me; I fhould behold her fill in the arms of a rival. That image is indelible, and will haunt me while I Live.'

Then recollecting her deceitful careffes, and the tenderness of her language, even in the prefence of the perfidious D'Onval, whom the loved, No, no,' he exclaimed, never will the recollection of her treachery be effaced from my mind; and the image of my rival is like a frightful fpestre that will for ever ftand between us. She defires her daughter!-No, my daughter is no longer hers. She has forfeited all right to her; nor fhall my daughter go to learn the art of Hattering and betraying a top credulous hufband.'

The inconfolable Vervanne remain 3

ed thus, for nine long years, folitary and inacceffible. His daughter, who was carefully educated in a convent, was at liberty to write occafionally to her mother; but her letters were fubject to the infpection of the lady abbefs. The marchionefs, in her anfwers, expreffed only, in general terms, her regret at their feparation; but the maternal heart was relieved by a thousand effufions of tenderness; and among the wife counfels with which her letters were replete, respect to her father, and fubmiffion to his will, were confiantly recommended as the most facred duties.

Vervanne, to whom his daughter communicated thefe letters, read and returned them in filence. But when he was left alone to his reflections, he would often exclaim with a figh:

Heavens! how many valuable qualities has a moment of weakness difhonoured! How much goodness, and even virtue, perhaps, have been degraded by a thoughtlefs pafion.'

Hortenfia, in her letters, fpoke little of herfelf, and feldom mentioned her health. However, as Sylvia earneftly afked for fome account of it, the could not but confefs, that the felt herself enfeebled. This was rather concealing than acknowledging the decline into which the had fallen.

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To her excellent mother it was too apparent. Madame de Livernon perceived the progrefs of the disease, and endeavoured to find a remedy. Ah! my dear mother,' faid Hortenfia, the remedy, or rather the relief, would be the fight of my child.' Three days after, Vervanne received from madame de Livernon a letter in these words: I can no longer forbear to acquaint you, fir, that my daughter's health is feriously impaired. She is anxiously defirous to fee her child. In the ftate to which he is reduced, you cannot have the cruelty to refufe her this confolation. Soon, alas! fhe will leave you the prey of long and unavailing regret; for your heart is good, and will at last be just. Spare yourself at least the bitter reflection of

having

FOR APRIL, 1794.

of embracing her daughter, and bid-
ding her farewell, before the- I
cannot write that 'cruel word. I am
a mother, and perceive the moment
when I fhall be one no longer. Grant
us, fir, this last favour: I afk it on
my knees.
In a month, you fhall

having denied a mother the fatisfaction its way through the palenefs of her emaciated cheeks; and the fire of a flow fever which confumed her, fparkled in her eyes that were hollowed by grief. But had the been more altered fill, her tears, her emotion, the heaving of her bofom, and the cry of joy the uttered on seeing her daughter would have announced the mother. A mother alone, indeed, can feel and exprefs thefe inimitable emotions. Every thing is indifference compared with her tenderness. Every thing is cold, compared with her heart. As foon as he could prefs her dear Sylvia to her bofom, all her misfortunes were forgotten.

have your Sylvia again.'

On the perufal of this letter, the heart of the unhappy Vervanne was torn with grief. Is there nothing,' faid he, is there nothing then but death that can expiate in my eyes the fault of a weak mortal? To punish her, I have fuffered her to remain nine years in exile, to pine away with grief; and at this moment, when, perhaps, he is expiring, I do not hatten to tell her that the is forgiven. Yes, my heart forgives every thing, and I would give my belt blood to prolong her life! But what an interview, and what torture for her as well as myself! Shall I go and overwhelm her by reproachful filence? Shall I go, and in a heart exhausted by forrow feek for fentiments, not of love (for the bare name of love must be for ever hateful to us) but of generous and fincere good-will. Ah! if mere friendship (friendfaip, of which citeem is the pureft effence) could unite us, I would go and throw myfelf at her feet. But, can the hufband, whofe afpect cannot be borne without a blufh, and the wife whofe fhame he must inceffantly endeavour to forget, ever be friends? No, compaflion bids me never fee her more. But, at leaft, let me not refufe her a laft confolation. Injured love has no right to commit an outrage on nature.'--'The next morning Sylvia, accompanied by a faithful female feryant, fet off for Livernon.

Alas! with what anguish was mingled the joy which this amiable girl felt on feeing her mother! She remembered to have seen her in all the fplendour of beauty, and now could hardly recollect her. Instead of the rofes that once feemed to bloom upon her countenance, a burning red made

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Her nights were dreadful; but when the morning reflored her daughter to her, nature feemed to grant a fufpenfion of her fufferings; and Sylvia thought he had just arifen from a peaceful flumber. Near a month elapfed in the effufions of mutual tendernefs, the kindeft intimacy, and moft affecting converfations. leffons which Hortenfia gave daughter breathed nothing but virtue; but in thefe conversations, in which the father was named at every inftant, the husband was fcarcely ever mentioned; nor refpecting him did one complaint escape from her whom he was killing with affliction.

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At length, in fpite of the illufion in which this tender mother endeavoured to keep her daughter, feeling herself exhaufted, and thinking the had but a few days to live, the refolved to fend her home; either to fpare her the forrow of seeing her breathe her laft, or to render the moments of diffolution lefs painful to herself.

'Go, my dear child,' faid the, return to your father. You fhall spend the winter with him; and in the spring, if I live till then, you shall prevail on him to permit you to come back. Say to him every thing that is tender in the name of your mother, by whom he ever was, and ever will be beloved.' Then mingling her tears with those of her weeping child, the presented

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