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PREFACE:

Much more profitable and gracious is doctrine by ensample than by rule.-EDMUND SPENSER.

I HAVE brought together in the following pages some notable examples, principally selected from English Biography, of men who have become great by their adoption of a particular path in life, and their following up that path with an energy which never relaxed, and a resolution which never faltered.

It seems to me that the cardinal defect of modern educational systems is, that they demand too much from their victims; that they bind down the weary brain to the study of half a dozen isms and a score of ologies, until a smattering is obtained of many branches of knowledge, but a profound acquaintance with none. Now-adays, we produce few scholars, but a host of elaborate little dunces!

The error of our boyhood, however, becomes the curse of our manhood. Unable to select any special vocation as that for which they have been fitted by a special training, our young men enter upon life without a definite object, and waste it as triflers, or struggle through it as plodders. The heart without a hopeful aspiration must necessarily grow cold and dreary; the mind without a healthy ambition will soon become dwarfed to little things; and blank and cheerless, indeed, must be the existence-miserably profitless the career-of a man without a purpose.

I have endeavoured in the present volume to encourage

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my young readers in the adoption of one favourite pursuit, by showing what signal success has invariably rewarded the worker of steady aim and unflinching will. I have sought to point out that a high degree of excellence may always, and no small share of worldly advantage may often, be secured by students of limited abilities, if they will labour earnestly, and direct their labours to the accomplishment of a particular end. I have desired to illustrate the force of the venerable adage that 'Patience and perseverance will, sooner or later, overcome every difficulty;' and to show that obstacles vanish before the clear intellect and bold heart, like snow-drifts before the searching wind and genial sun. These truths are trite enough, I admit; but there are some truths which cannot be too frequently repeated, if we would have them take root in the heart of Youth and flourish.

In composing the Biographical portion of the following pages, I have kept constantly in view the object that originated them, and in each eminent life have singled out those incidents which seemed to me best calculated to subserve that object. When discoursing upon Watt, and Arkwright, and Wedgwood, it is almost impossible to say aught that is new; but as, in every instance, I have consulted the latest authorities, many details will be found introduced which are not usually met with in similar books. Meanwhile, may the ' purpose' of this little volume commend it to the favourable notice of press and public May its Examples and Encouragements influence for good, and inspire with honourable aims, the minds of my boy-readers-stimulating them to lead lives of noble exertion, unremitting industry, and sublime endurance! Worldly success, it is true, may not always be their reward; but-as the poet tells us―

The virtue lies

In the STRUGGLE-not the PRIZE.

W. H. D. A.

DENMARK HILL, 1863.

ANALYTICAL TABLE OF CONTENTS.

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George Stephenson. — 1. His birth and childhood; poverty of his

family; evidences of natural ability-2. Employed as a 'corf-

bitter;' his amusements. - 3. Rises in the world; is a 'made

man for life'-4. A fireman at Newburn-5. Studies the details

of a steam-engine; learns to read and write-6. Studies arith-

metic; brakeing an engine 7. Is appointed brakesman at the

Dolly Pit; practises shoemaking; his attachment to Fanny Hen-

derson; his first guinea - 8. Settles at Willington Quay;

endeavours to solve perpetual motion; becomes a clock-mender

9. Removes to Killingworth; birth of his son Robert; death of

his wife; employment in Scotland - 10. His filial affection; a

substitute for the militia; the first dawnings of his celebrity -

11. Repairs the Killingworth pit-engine-12. Is promoted to the

post of engine-wright- 13. Is interested in steam-locomotion;
builds a locomotive; improves it, and in conjunction with Mr.
Dodds, patents the invention - 14. The Geordy' safety lamp;

explosion at the Killingworth colliery; quotation from Mr. Smiles:

fire-damp; Sir Humphry Davy-15. Stephenson's experiments

-16. A dangerous trial; a safety lamp invented, and improved;

neglected by the public-17. Perfects his locomotive—18. The

Hilton colliery and Sunderland railway laid out by Stephenson —

19. Constructs the Stockton and Darlington railway, and the loco-

motives to work it; account of its opening-20. Stephenson's

increase of reputation-21. Projected railway between Liverpool

and Manchester; opposition of the Canal Companies; absurd

arguments; awkward for the coo;'-22. The scheme defeated

before the Parliamentary Committee; renewed exertions; Par-

liamentary sanction finally obtained-23. The difficulty of Chat

Moss; conquered by Stephenson; quotation from Mr. Smiles; the

railway completed: steam-engine prize competition; the Rocket'

successful-24. Railway between London and Birmingham; the

Snibston collieries; railway extension; details of the North Mid-

land; quotation from Mr. Smiles -25 Visits Belgium; English

railways; Dr. Arnold on their succes 26. Second visit to

Belgium-27. Daily life at Tapton 28. Stephenson's character

21-41

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