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Both are vitally interested in the maintenance of the balance of power in Europe. Both are vitally interested in seeing the military Great Powers of the world divided against themselves. If these should combine, or if one of them should obtain the supremacy in Europe, it might mean the end not only of Great Britain but also of the United States.

When Washington wrote, 'Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world,' the United States could stand alone. At that time a combination of military Powers possessed of powerful navies was inconceivable. Besides, formerly the United States could be attacked by no European nation except Great Britain, because all the other nations lacked ships. As the United States cannot safely meet single-handed a joint attack by the Great Powers, they must endeavour to meet a hostile combination by a counter-combination. If serious complications should arise out of the Mexican War, we must stand shoulder to shoulder with the United States, with or without a treaty of alliance. In defending the United States against a joint attack of the military Great Powers we defend ourselves. Policy should be not merely national but should be racial. Accidents have divided the two great branches of the Anglo-Saxon race, but necessity may again bring them together. Herein lies the hope of the future. We may not approve of Mr. Wilson's policy, but we must bear in mind that he has acted with the best intentions. America's troubles are our troubles. We cannot afford to see the United States defeated or humiliated. The present moment seems eminently favourable not only for offering to the United States our unconditional support in case of need, but for approaching them with a view to the conclusion of a carefully limited defensive alliance. Such an alliance would be the strongest guarantee for the maintenance of the world's peace. The Mexican War may have the happiest consequences upon Anglo-American relations, and it may eventually bring about an Anglo-American reunion.

At the time these lines were written the political horizon

of Europe seemed free from clouds. On the other hand, it appeared possible that the Mexican trouble might involve the United States in difficulties with some European military Power or Powers. It seemed more likely that Great Britain might have to come to the aid of the United States than the United States to the aid of Great Britain. Providence has willed it otherwise, and perhaps it is better so. If, as is devoutly to be hoped, the Anglo-American brotherhood in arms should lead to the establishment of a great brotherhood in peace of all the English-speaking peoples-to an Anglo-American reunion-a great step would have been taken in strengthening the cause of freedom and the peace of the world. The British Empire and the United States combined would not dominate the world. Anglo-Saxondom has no desire for such domination. Possessing only small standing armies, merely a police force, other States need not fear their aggression. On the other hand, the numbers of their citizens, the power of their industries which can be mobilised for war, and their great wealth, would make the combined Anglo-Saxon nations the most powerful factor in preserving the peace of the world, while their own peace would in all probability be secured by their reunion for an indefinite period. Nowhere in the world does the white population increase more rapidly than in the United States and in the British Dominions. To all who have the welfare of the Anglo-Saxon race at heart it must be clear that not the least benefit of the Great War would consist in the reunion of the two branches of the Anglo-Saxon race, in the recreation of the British Empire in its greatest glory. The hope to secure the peace of the world by arbitration treaties or by some great international organisation such as a federation or a great league of nations, may prove an illusion. All attempts to eliminate war by mutual agreement among States have failed since the time when the Greek States created their Amphyctionic Council. All endeavours to link together the satisfied and the landhungry nations and to combine them for the defence of the

territorial status quo may prove futile. The peace of the world can most easily be maintained not by creating an artificial and unnatural partnership between nations of different and, perhaps, irreconcilable aims and interests, a partnership which will break down at the first opportunity, but by creating a permanent partnership between the freedom-loving and peace-loving Anglo-Saxon nations which in addition have the advantage of belonging to the same race, of speaking the same language, of having the same ideals, the same laws, and the same traditions. A British-American union devised for the protection of their possessions against foreign attack should be the most powerful instrument imaginable not only for protecting the future peace of the Anglo-Saxons but also for protecting the peace of the world.

ANALYTICAL INDEX.

NOTE. The letter 'f' following a page number signifies and following
page'; 'ff,'' and following pages.'

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Alexander I and Lord Castlereagh at Vienna Congresss
and Napoleon I
Czartoryski on character of

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Holy, Activities of, in Spain and New World

Treaty and text of

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Additions to, made in Verona

Alsace-Lorraine, Importance of iron beds in .
Amelot de la Houssaye on Government of Venice
America-See United States.

Anglo-American Differences, how kept alive
Anglo-American Reunion, Admiral Mahan on
Anglo-French Agreement of 1904 .

Arabia, Strategical value of

Aristotle on Democracy and Government

Army, American-See United States.

Army, British. See England.

Asia Minor, Populousness of, in antiquity

Strategical and economic significance

Asiatic Turkey, Danger of integrity of.

4, 130 ff
247 ff

229

249

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412

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70

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.101 ff

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Asiatic Turkey, Sparse population of

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Strategical and economic significance of
Value of, in hands of strong military Power

Assyria and Babylonia, Ancient prosperity of
Athens, Causes of decline of.
Ausgleich of 1867 in Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary, Ausgleich of 1867 in

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Characteristic ingratitude of
Church in, is part of the bureaucracy
has created Ukrainian movement
Hates and persecutes the Italians
Illegitimacy in

Illiteracy in

Ill-treatment of Serbia by, since 1690

is a medieval survival

is and may remain a German vassal

is governed by the maxim Divide et Impera.
may establish a federation after the War
Nationalities of, enumerated

Position of,

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109

.106 ff

112, 114

143 ff

111

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6 ff, 105 ff

.125 ff

.130 ff

.120 ff

.140 ff

120, 121, 124

Possibility of acquisition of South German States

and Silesia by

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112 f, 117 f

tried to Germanise nationalities under Joseph II

Austro-German Alliance Treaty of 1879, Text of

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