ng agitatcu, a test uus sivutu neietionii tatio destinies of mankind all the influence which belongs to t received with equal ardor and affection into this Holy

Done in triplicate, and signed at Paris, the year of grace, ber, 14/26.

the revival of absolutism, privilege, and divine right.

to cope with liberal movements which might thre security of their thrones, the allied sovereigns resorted intervention. Austrian troops in 1821 suppressed tw tionary outbreaks in Italy, and French soldiers in down a revolution in Spain. The sovereigns then pre extend their activities to Spain's American colonies, w thrown off their allegiance to the mother country Britain and the United States felt thoroughly alarme prospect of European interference in the affairs of World. Both countries sympathized with the re movement in Spanish America and both had comme terests there which would have been destroyed if Spa subduing the revolted colonies, were allowed to revive monopolistic policies. Another cause for anxiety wa in the situation on the northwestern coast of North A where Russia seemed likely to extend her influence ward to Oregon and even to California. The att the United States (and that of Great Britain as wel expression in President Monroe's seventh annual to Congress, December 2, 1823. The doctrine wh President set forth was, of course, not new with roots may be found in the writings and speeches of son and John Adams, and especially in Washington well Address.

1 J. D. Richardson, A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the 1789-1897, vol. ii, pp. 209, 217–219. Washington, 1896-1899.

en accedeu to. i ne goverите о The City Slalts was ous, by this friendly proceeding, of manifesting the great h they have invariably attached to the friendship of the and their solicitude to cultivate the best understanding overnment. In the discussions to which this interest has and the arrangements by which they may terminate, on has been judged proper for asserting, as a principle in rights and interests of the United States are involved, merican continents, by the free and independent condition y have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be as subjects for future colonization by any European

as stated at the commencement of the last session that a t was then making in Spain and Portugal to improve the of the people of those countries, and that it appeared to ted with extraordinary moderation. It need scarcely be that the result has been, so far, very different from what anticipated. Of events in that quarter of the globe with have so much intercourse, and from which we derive our have always been anxious and interested spectators. The the United States cherish sentiments the most friendly, f the liberty and happiness of their fellow men on that Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers in matters themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it ith our policy so to do. It is only when our rights are seriously menaced that we resent injuries or make prepaour defense. With the movements in this hemisphere I necessity, more immediately connected, and by causes st be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers.

the pail to calciu C system to ally portion vi was c

as dangerous to our peace and safety. With the existing or dependencies of any European power we have not inter shall not interfere. But with the governments who have decla independence, and maintained it, and whose independence on great consideration and on just principles, acknowle could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressi or controlling in any other manner their destiny, by any power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an u disposition toward the United States. In the war between governments and Spain we declared our neutrality at the their recognition, and to this we have adhered and shall to adhere, provided no change shall occur which, in the of the competent authorities of this government, shall mak sponding change on the part of the United States indispe their security.

III. The late events in Spain and Portugal show that Eur unsettled. Of this important fact no stronger proof can be than that the allied powers should have thought it proper principle satisfactory to themselves, to have interposed, in the internal concerns of Spain. To what extent such tion may be carried, on the same principle, is a question in independent powers whose governments differ from theirs ested, even those most remote, and surely none more so United States. Our policy in regard to Europe, which was at an early stage of the wars which have so long agitated tha of the globe, nevertheless remains the same, which is, not fere in the internal concerns of any of its powers; to con government de facto as the legitimate government for us; vate friendly relations with it, and to preserve those relati frank, firm, and manly policy, meeting, in all instances,