shall be made for the same. And, in the just preservati and property, it is understood and declared that no law to be made or have force in the said territory that s manner whatever, interfere with or affect private cont gagements, bona fide, and without fraud previously form

ARTICLE III

Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary t ernment and the happiness of mankind, schools and t education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost goo always be observed toward the Indians; their lands erty shall never be taken from them without their cons their property, rights, and liberty they never shall be disturbed, unless in just and lawful wars authorized b but laws founded in justice and humanity shall, from t be made for preventing wrongs being done to them, serving peace and friendship with them.

ARTICLE IV

The said territory, and the states which may be for shall forever remain a part of this confederacy of the U of America, subject to the Articles of Confederation alterations therein as shall be constitutionally made; a acts and ordinances of the United States in Congres conformable thereto. The inhabitants and settlers in ritory shall be subject to pay a part of the federal debt or to be contracted, and a proportional part of the government to be apportioned on them by Congress, the same common rule and measure by which apportion shall be made on the other states; and the taxes for proportion shall be laid and levied by the authority of the legislatures of the district, or districts, or new sta original states, within the time agreed upon by the in Congress assembled. The legislatures of those dist states, shall never interfere with the primary disposa

ARTICLE V

There shall be formed in the said territory not less t nor more than five states; and the boundaries of the state as Virginia shall alter her act of cession and consent to shall become fixed and established as follows, to wit: Th state, in the said territory, shall be bounded by the Missis Ohio, and the Wabash Rivers; a direct line drawn from th and Post Vincents, due north, to the territorial line bet United States and Canada; and by the said territorial li Lake of the Woods and Mississippi. The middle state bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash from Post V the Ohio, by the Ohio, by a direct line drawn due north mouth of the Great Miami to the said territorial line, and b territorial line. The eastern state shall be bounded by mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the ritorial line: provided however, and it is further unders declared, that the boundaries of these three states shall be far to be altered that, if Congress shall hereafter find it they shall have authority to form one or two states in th the said territory which lies north of an east and west li through the southerly bend or extreme of Lake Michig whenever any of the said states shall have sixty thousan habitants therein, such state shall be admitted, by its into the Congress of the United States on an equal footing original states, in all respects whatever; and shall be at form a permanent constitution and state government: the constitution and government. so to be formed, shall b can and in conformity to the principles contained in thes and, so far as it can be consistent with the general inter

bor or service as aforesaid.

Be it ordained by the authority aforesaid, That the resoluti I the 23d of April, 1784, relative to the subject of this ordinance, nd the same are hereby repealed, and declared null and void. Done by the United States, in Congress assembled, the 13th d of July, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of their sovereig and independence the twelfth.

Washington, who presided, Franklin, Madison, Dickinson, and many other distinguished men. TH tion met daily, in secret sessions, during the next for Instead of merely revising the Articles of Confede had been authorized by Congress, the convention prepare an entirely new constitution. When com was signed on September 17, by all but three of the present. It was then transmitted by Congress to t states, in order to be ratified by conventions of delega in each state by a popular vote. By June 21, 1788, had ratified the Constitution, thus bringing it (in with Article VII) into operation. Virginia and ratified it a few days later. North Carolina and Rh did not ratify it until after the inauguration of W as President in March, 1789. In order to meet the of those opponents of the Constitution as original ten amendments, stating clearly the rights of the pe drawn up by the first Congress under the Constitution ratified by the states, and declared in force in Noven

CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, 178 We the people of the United States, in order to form a m union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, the common defense, promote the general welfare, the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity and establish this Constitution for the United States 1 Revised Statutes of the United States, pp. 17-32. Second Edition. 1878.

the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizer e United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabit that state in which he shall be chosen.

[Representatives and direct taxes shall be apportioned am e several states which may be included within this union, acco g to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by add the whole number of free persons, including those bound to serv ☛ a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of her persons]. The actual enumeration shall be made wit ree years after the first meeting of the Congress of the Unit ates, and within every subsequent term of ten years, in such man they shall by law direct. The number of representatives sh t exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each state shall ha least one representative; and until such enumeration shall ade, the state of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose thr assachusetts eight, Rhode Island and Providence Plantations or onnecticut five, New York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvan ght, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Caroli e, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the representation from any state, the e utive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacanci The House of Representatives shall choose their speaker a her officers; and shall have the sole power of impeachment. Section 3. [The Senate of the United States shall be compos two senators from each state, chosen by the legislature there r six years; and each senator shall have one vote.] 2

1 The clause included in brackets is amended by the Fourteenth Amendmen cond section.

2 The first paragraph of section three of Article I and so much of paragrap o of the same section as relates to filling vacancies are amended by the Seve enth Amendment.