where this is not the cafe, and however indifpenfable, apothecaries may always be fuppofed molt iparing in their compo. fitions of what is moft coftly. May the tollowing featonable hints, fanctioned by the highest physical authority, have due effect on fuch as are competent to redreis the grievance! "There are difeafes and states in which wine is effentially neceflary to life. To the honour of Government, it is amply fupplied to our brave foldiers and failors who ftand in need of its virtue. As a medieine of the most important kind, its goedness is a point of ferious confideration; for, if it be bad, it may prove a bane instead of a laving cordial. The genuinenets of wines, the procefs of fining them, and the means of edulcorating them, and otherwife correct ing their defects, fhould be fubjects of continual fcrupulous enquiry. Arienic, that has certainly been employed for white wines in the former intention, and lead in the latter, are things whole properties are too generally known to need explanation. The meature, alfo, of wine, retailed by the bottle, demands the attention of the Legiflature and the Magiftrate. A gentleman took pity upon a miferable family, in which was one fink ing in a nervous fever. He indifcreetly ordered, from a retailer of wine and other liquors, a dozen of red port. He was prefent when it was received-twelve bottles, containing each barely a pint and an balf (wine measure), of the most abominable fluff! Some Hofpitals are habitually difgraced by the bafe custom of taking fees. It is furprizing that Governors are not more earnest and active in fuppreffing a practice that actually expotes their charity to fale. It gives undue influence to nuries, and excites envy and jealoufy among the patients. To refift what is deemed due, notwithstanding the most public and explicit inhibitions, only occafions one to be pointed at, otherwife ill treated, and perhaps expelled, or, at leaft, find fuch a fituation very irkfome. In fome public foundations for the education of youth, this firefter habit in nuries is become fo exorbitant and ra pacious, that boys may be put out, at a little more expence, to a common boarding-fchool. Tenderne is for their children fecures the connivance of parents with this infamous traffic, who never look into the Hofpital, or take the least concern about their own while under the cognizance of its officers, without being either fleeced or abused, or fubje&ing their poor defenceless boys to the clamour and contumely of an imperious virago, patronized by fome Governor, who got her the birth, in all probability, for value received of a former date. Such is the illicit influence which debafes and ftains public patronage in all its departments with a fpirit of the loweft intrigue, and the most infulting partiality. Againft what appears fo perfectly repugnant to the genius of every charitable Inftitution, our Author delivers his opinion in thefe decifive terms: "The receipt of fees and pecuniary confiderations, on any account, from patients of Hofpitals, ought to be abolifhed. It is like the cruel practice of demanding money of poor debtors on their entrance into prifon, after being torn from their homes, and their families wanting bread. Will not nuries, watchers, &c. exact all they can if allowed to receive any? Will they not be difpofed to treat with indifference thofe patients that are not able to purchate their favour? Will they not probably endeavour to get fuch unfortunate perfons difmiffed from their wards, in the hope of advantage from their fucceffor? Think on thefe things, friends of the diftrefled! and fuffer not those who are appointed to difpenfe your mercies, to blait them in their hands, and fruftrate your pure intentions!" The The Hofpitals, fo numerous and splendid in this munificent country, furnish ample receptacles for pertons afflicted by almost every fpecies of calamity; give to young and old of every lex and character the most falutary aid, when all other means of relief are unavailable; happily accelerate the progress of fcience; and annually accommodate, for thefe important ends, upwards of twenty thou fand perfons. Whatever affects the profperity of Inftitutions thus extenfive and important, furely merits frequent, deli berate, and minute difcuffion. public are, therefore, deeply interested in whatever would facilitate their improvement. But even these by no means exhauit the utility of Mr. Blizard's productions. Moft of his Suggestions are equally applicable and neceflary to all complex bodies, cccafionally or habitually affociated; the Navy in Ships, the Army in Cantonments, public offices, manufactories, feminaries of learning, and even large families. In thele fituatiens much benefit may accrue to health and happiness from all he fays on Exer eife, Economy, Cleanlinefs, Regularity, Air, Spring Water, Milk, Broth, and Vegetables. And his Suggestions will be found to useful to perfons thus cir cumftanced, that few can deny themfelves the comfortable accommodation of a guide fo easily obtained, and fo worthy of confidence. It is no Santa Maria; or, the Myfterious Pregnancy. A duplicity in Paris), we believe few will be Romance. 3 Vols. By J. Fox. 12mo, Kearfy. 1797. AN imitation of Mrs Radcliffe's manner; but, like other imitations, inferior to the original. The incident on which the whole ftory refts is a molt improbable, we may fay, an impoffible one. It fuppofes the poffibi lity of a woman becoming pregnant without her being at all confcious of the act by which the is brought into fuch a state. We have here enough of ancient caftles, of knockings and hammerings therein; of frightful warnings and lamentations; of tapers extinguished one moment and illumined the next; f black banners hoisted on one night at the top of one tower, and the next fixed on another; of ringing of bells, and diftant and feeble voices warning and affrighting the hearers; in fhort, all the diableries of revived modern romance fit only to terrify children. Mr. Fox has alfo added fome very unneceffary and cenfurable acts of fuicide, without the condemnation which ought always to accompany much interested about his fate. Une Semaine d'une Maison d'Education de Londres: Contenant des Lectures tirées des Incas de M. Marmontel, dont le fiyle eft aussi pur que facile des Hioires agréables et des Diaropues entre 1 Auteur fes Elèves par lesquels l'on vit leur Coeur, leur Efprit, & leur Raijan, le former par Dégré. 12mo Elmsley 1797. We have often had opportunity of oblerving the improvement of late years made in the rudiments of education, which are daily rendered more eafy and familiar to the learner, and more likely to answer the purposes of the inftructor. The prefent performance, which the title-page afferts to be by a Lady of diftinction, may be added to the infant library; it affords both entertainment and inftruction, and may be fafely put into the Sonnets and other fmall Pums. By T. Park, hands of young ladies, for whofe fervice it is them. 12mo. Sael. 1797. The modeft Author of this Collection fays, that by the counfel of Mr. Cowper, the pieces contained in it were first encouraged to folicit public notice; and by the comments of Mifs Seward they have been rendered less unworthy to do fo. He fpeaks of their me. rit, however, with great diffidence, and hardly claims the honours belonging to the higher orders of poetry. The collection contains many pleasing specimens of flight effufions complimentary to fome friend, or defcriptive of fome fituation, many of them entitled to praife, none deferving cenfure. The publisher has done his part with great elegance; the print, paper, and decorations, are all beautiful. The Cafile of Olmutz. A Poem. Inscribed to La Fayette. 4to. Kearsley. 1797. This Poem celebrates the virtues of La Fayette, and afcribes to him qualities which the coolness of enquiry will not readily allow him to have poffeffed. Neither in America nor in France has his conduct been fuch as to entitle him to unqualified applaufe; and if what he has been charged with is to be verified by proof (we mean his cruelty in the cafe of Major André, in America, and his intended. Reflections on the Advantages and Disadvantages attending Commiffions of Bankruptcy; clearly pointing out when they may be beneficial or prejudicial to Creditors, &c. 80 Ruff. 23. It is fufficient to fay of this pamphlet, that it answers the promife in the title page; and, therefore, may be recommended as ufeful to thofe for whom it is intended. Letters written to the Governor ard Directors of the Bank of England in September 1796, on the pecuniary Diftreffes of the Country, and the means of preventing ik.m; with jome ad. di ional Obfervations on the jame Subject, and the means of peedily re-establishing the Public and Commercial Credit of the Country 8vo. By Sir John Sinclair, Bart. Nicol. 1797. Thefe Letters are fuch as the author has reafon to be proud of, inaʼmuch as it appears by them that he forefaw the distroffes the country was likely to labour under; and, at the fame time, pointed cut means to obviate the probable inconvenience. Most of the hints of Sir John Sinclair on this subject have been adopted, and experience has fhewn the propriety of them. The The Travels of Anacharfs, the Younger, in Greece, during the middle of the Fourth Century before the Christian Era. Abridged from the original Work of the Abbe Barthelemi. Illustrated with Plates, 8vo. Vernor and Hood. 1797. In the last century, and early in the prefent, it was no unfrequent practice to fupply that part of the Public which might be suppoted incapable of purchafing expenfive works with Abridgements of them. By thefe means thofe who, from their circumstances, were debarred from feeing the originals, were yet gratified with fome knowledge of their contents; and this was fuppofed not to interfere with the file of the original works to thofe perfons who were able to lay out fo Large a fum as the purchase required. Thus Raleigh's Hiftory of the World, from a folio, was reduced to an octavo; and Burnett's Hiftory of the Reformation, then a popular performance, was, with the confent of the Author, brought within the reach of thofe who otherwife would not have been able to know any thing of its contents. As we wish to fee knowledge diffused, both to thofe in middling as well as to thefe in affluent circumftances, we are not forry to obferve the practice in fome measure revived, as we are perfuaded no detriment can arise to the proprietors of the original works, from fuch Abridgements; indeed we are rather inclined to confider them as calculated to fpread the knowledge of them where they would otherwise be unknown, and thereby promote their fate From the Volume now under confideration fome judgment may be formed of Abbe Barthelemi's larger work, which abounds with entertainment and instruction, LYCOPHRON's and is well deferving a place in every library; but as it is too voluminous to become the property of a great number of readers, the prefent may be recommended as not undeferving of notice. In executing the present work we are told, that "the endeavour has been to felect, not only the material, but likewife the most interesting parts of the work ; to form a volume of rational entertainment in a vacant hour to the already informed, and to the younger clafs of readers instruction blended with amufement." Hints to Freshmen, from a Member of the Univerfity of Cambridge. 12mo. White. To fome of our readers the information may not be unneceffary, that a Freshman at Cambridge means one just arrived there and fcarce fettled in his college. The advice rious confideration of every young man who here given is good, and well worthy the femay be entered of either University. Answer to an Attack made by John Pinkerton, Eq. of Hampstead, in bis Hiftory of Scotland, lately published, upon Mr. William Anderson, writer in Edinburgh; containing an Account of the Records of Scotland, and many firange Letters by Mr. Pinkerton, accompanied wish fuitable Comments neceffarily arifing from the Subje. 8vo. Manners and Miller, Edinburgh. 1797. The only part of this Pamphlet which deferves the leaft notice is the Account of the Records of Scotland. The remainder is taken up with the moft illiberal and fordid controverfy we ever faw, dif_raceful alike to both parties; who, if they have any prudence, will endeavour to bury the whole in oblivion. CASSANDR A.-V. 1253. ἐν τόποις Βορειγόνων. BOPEITONON is tranflated Aborigi α, num; by which name the first inhabitants of Italy were called. Yet why, it may be asked, has Lycophron omitted the when his metre did not demand fuch an aphærefis? Why has he changed the fecond into o, if he meant to exprefs the Latin Aborigines? In Dionyfius's Periegefis we read "ACopyivéwy; and nothing hindered, but that Lycophron might have written Copyiw here. Æneas, fays Caflandra, fhall be the founder of thirty cities; of a country iv Tómas Βορεογόνων ; a country ὑπὲρ Λατίνων; Δαινίου τ' ᾠκισμένην, inhabited beyond the Latins and the Daunians. A country thus fituated must be fought in the upper and more northern diftricts of Italy. Thus is the dente of Βορειγόνων alcertained by ὑπὲρ Λατίνους Δαυνίουςτε. For, in truth, Lycophron has not only moulded that word into a new form, but annexed to it a new fignification. He has not only clothed it in a Greek dress, but given it a Greek derivation. Thus theie lines illuftrate each other, and a confiftent fense is given to them both. The purport of this paffage is, to aggrandize the fame of fays the," and his immediate fucceffors, Æneas, Caffandra's relation. "By him," built, and a country peopled, in a direc. the Alban Kings, fhall thirty cities be tion north of the Latins and Daunians." No mention is bere made of Æneas as founder of Rome: that prediction is referved for another place; where Caffandra foretelis, that #neas ὀλβίαν τύρσιν doors, felicem arcem [Romam] condet. The words wúgyouę tęiáxcila imply fo many cities; concerning one of which the thus fpeaks : ἧς [στὸς] δείχηλον μια πόλει ἀνθήσει. E. DEAR SIR, Nov. 24, 1694. YOUR's of October 24 came not to my hands till the 7th instant, for Mr. P. and I did not meet fooner, and then I happened to be very bufy in preparing for a journey to the place where I am now. I fhould have been glad to have waited upon you in London (if you had come thither); for after I received your letter I ftopt one of my voyages into the country, in hopes to wait upon you there. "I am glad that you are going to found Armenian and Sclavonian Letters. You have an oracle for the former language amongst you (I mean Dr. Hyde); but is there any that ftudies or defigns to study the latter (which I would certainly do were I ten years younger) if there be, I must make bold to trouble you with fome queries. If you could get a young ingenious Welshman to study that and the old Northern Languages, you would do the world fome fervice by raifing up fuch a man: For (as I take it) there are four old original European Languages, the Greek, the Sclavonic, the Gothic, and the Celtic, or ancient British; and he that understands them all, as an ingenious Welchman (that hath learned Greek) may easily do, will be able to illuftrate the harmony of Languages ancient and modern (Latin alfo comprehended, becaufe it is little elfe but Greek). He will alfo thereby be enabled to illuftrate many things in anti quity which yet lie in dark nefs; and the difcoveries he will find himfelf able to make in thefe things will be fo delightful to him, that he will scarce be fenfible of his pains. I defigned (had 1 HAMLET. not been driven from my station) to have made him my amanuenfis; but now, trained up one to thefe ftudies, and having neither good health, nor good fight, nor amanuenfis to help me, nor quiet enough to do that little I could not otherwife do without, I am become in a manner ufelefs and good for nothing, and am far from deserving those compliments you give me with refpect to thefe Languages. "I am, your's, &c. "GEORGE HICKES." PETER THE GREAT, EMPEROR OF RUSSIA. This energetic Monarch took all the pains and ufed all the means poffible to become intimately acquainted with every thing proper for a man who ruled a great and uncivilized Empire to know. He entered himself into the detail of all the arts ufeful to mankind. That of Ship-building feems to have been his favourite study. To acquire a knowledge in this very useful art for a great and commercial Empire, he worked as a common ship-carpenter in the docks of Amfterdam, and came over to England, where he was received with great kindness and hofpitality by William the Third, who procured for his refidence the house of Mr. John Evelyn, the learned and ingenious author of "Sylva," called Save's Court, near the Yard of Deptford, and appointed the Duke of Leeds to attend him. One day, after he had vifited the magnificent Hofpital of Greenwich, he went to St. James's Palace to dine with King William That Prince asked him how he liked Greenwich Hofpital?" Extremely well, Sir," replied the Czar; "and if I were permitted to advise your Majefty, I fhould recommend to you to remove your Court thither, and convert your Palace into an Hofpital." Peter expreffed great fatisfaction to : Say's Court was famous for the extremely thick and high holly hedges that were in the gardens. There is a tradition in the family, that Peter ufed occafionally to have himself trundled through them in a wheelbarrow, Mr. Evelyn himself, in Sylva, feems to hint at this. VOL. XXXI. May 1797. an King William on the general appearance of his metropolis. "But, Sir," £d he, “I am above all things pleafed with the fimplicity, meeknefs, and modef that prevail in the drefs of the richeft ration of Europe." Peter often menti ned to the English Noblemen and Gentlemen who attended him, that he purpofed to make a fecond journey to England, as he found in that country fo great a number of inftructive objects. In his Majefty's old Library in the Green Park there is a portrait of this great Prince by Sir Godfrey Kneller; it correfponds exactly to the towing defcription of Peter's perfon, as given by that inftructive Traveller, Mr. Bell, of Auchtermony: "His Majesty's perfon was graceful, tall, and well made; he was very plain in his apparel; he generally wore Eaglith drab-coloured frock, never appearing in a drefs-fuit of cloaths, unleis on great feftivals and holidays, on which occafions he was fometimes droffed ja laced cloaths, of which fort he was not owner of above three or four fuits. When he was dreffed he wore the Order of St. Andrew; at other times he had no badge or mark of any Order on his perfon. When he went about the town by land, he always made ufe of an open two-wheeled chaife, attend ed by two foldiers or grooms, who rode before, and a page, who fometimes food behind the chaife, and often fat in it with his Majefty, and drove him. He rofe even in the winter time before four o'clock, and was often in bis cabinet by three, when two private fecretaries and certain clerks were in conftant attendance.-Peter feems to have loved his fubjects with the atten. tion of a friend, as well as with the section of a father. He was anxious for their pleasure and amufement, as well as for their improvement. He came one day to the Gardens of Peterfburgh, called Catherine's Gardens, in Nonour of the Emprefs, which he had ad out himfelf, and on finding no gerton walking in them, he afked the ton; one of the fentinels replied, Sire, it is becaufe we have fuffered no one to enter."-" And pray, blockid," replied the Czar, angrily, what wife-acre has given you thefe lers?"—"Our Officers, Sire," replied Se centinel. What a pack of fools !" hed the munificent Emperor; "could imagine that I had made and at fo much expente too, for myself alone, and not for the advantage of the public?" The Czar, on being invited by one of his Nobles to a hunting party, which was to terminate with the hunting of the wild boar, replied, "Hunt, Sir, as much as you pleafe, and make war on wild beafts; for my part, I cannot amufe myself in that manner whilft I have enemies to encounter abroad, and refractory subjects to bring into order at home."-Peter the Great knew no game of cards except a common Dutch game, at which he played occafionally amongst his Offcers military and naval; and he reftricted the ftake to a fmall fum, and made an edit, which declared that he who loft more than that fom was under no obligation to pay. Of perfons who were fond of gaming this great man ufed to fay, that they had no tafte for any thing useful, and that they devoted their time and talents to the purpofes of grofs avarice. The Czar, when he retired to rest, was in general completely fatigued with the toils of the day, and gave trict orders that he should never be awaked unless in cafe of fire, When any accident of that kind happened, there was a ftanding order given to rouze him at the first appearance of it, and his Majefty was frequently the first perfon that affifted at the fire, remaining there and giving the neceffary orders until the danger was over. Nearly the laft act of this great Monarch's life was an effort to fave the lives of fome of his fubjects. In a very infirm ftate of his health the Czar was in a boat vifiting fome works that were carrying on near Petersburgh; he faw at fome distance a veffel, full of foldiers and failors, in danger of perishing; the weather was cloudy, and the fea rough, and the violence of the waves had already driven the veffel on a fand. The Czar immediately fent a boat to their affiftance; but, notwithstanding the efforts of the crew, they could not get the veffel afloat. The Emperor, a witnefs of this diftreffing fpectacle, and thinking that they did not exert themfelves fufficiently to fave their brethren from the fury of the waves, took the refolution of going himself to their affistance, and finding that his boat could not advance to the thore on account of the fand banks, he waded into the water up to his knees, and reached the boat that was aground. The prefence and the example of the beneficent Sq. vereign made every one redouble his efforts; |