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only fo much and no more, by this cuftom he fhould not die for it.

He was first brought before the Bailiff of Halifax, who prefently fammoned the Frith-borgers within the feveral towns of the foreft; and being found guilty within a week, was brought to the fcaffold; uns axe was drawn up by a pulley, and fastened with a pin to the fide of the fcaffold, if it was a horse, an ox, or any other creature that was folen, it was brought along with him to the place of execution, and fastened to the cord by a pin that stayed the block, fo that when the time of execution came, which was known by the jurors holding up one of their hands, the bailiff or his fervant whipping the beaft, the pin was plucked out and execution done; but if it was not done by a beast, then the bailiff or his fervant cut the rope.'

If you think this intelligence worth a place in your useful Magazine, you will oblige your conftant reader.

S. T.

Our readers may fee the figure of the machine in the late editions of the Hallifax Law; in the 2d Volume of Holing thead's Chronicle printed in 1577, p. 654; and in Watson's Hiftory of Hallifax, p. 41. The laft author obferves, that this mode of punishment was not confined to Hallifax. He adds, that in Fox's Book of Martyrs, vol. i. p. 37. edition 1684, is a plate of this fort, except that a man is pulling up the axe to a proper height by means of a cord which runs through an hole in the tranfverfe piece of wood at the top, and when he lets go the cord, the axe defcends.

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"From whence the custom of be heading criminals with an engine originally came is not eafy to fay. It has been thought that the people of Hallifax took the hint from the Scottish Maiden at Edinburgh, which is well known to have refembled their own; but fo far from that, different writers have told us that this Maiden was borrowed from the Hallifax Gibbet.""It seems that Earl Morton, the regent of Scotland, carried a model of it from Halifax to his own country, where it remained fo long unufed that it acquired the name of the Maiden. The Scots have a tradition that the first inventor of this machine was the firft who fuffered by it. So far is certain, that Earl Morton, who was executed June 2, 1581, had his head taken off by fuch an inftrument as this; for in the continuation of Holing fhead's Chronicle of Scotland we read, "that having laid his necke under the axe, he cried" Lord Jefus receive my fpirit,' which words he spake even while the axe fell on his necke." This continuator, indeed, has made no remarks on the fingularity of this act, as might have been expected from him, if the Earl had been known to have brought this contrivance with him from England, and to have been the first who fuffered by it; but hiftorians too often think it fufficient to record matters of fact, without the addition of fuch obfervations as would be of fervice to antiquarians." The laft perfons executed in this manner at Hallifax were two in number, April 30, 1650.

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A Handfome MONUMENT, which was raifed by SUBSCRIPTION, has been lately put up in the PORTICO of ALL SAINTS CHURCH in NORTHAMPTON; and as the calamitous Circumflance which it is intended to commemorate, is ftill freth in the Memories of many People, the INSCRIPTION will probably be acceptable to our Readers.

THIS Marble was erected to perpetuate the memory of the following awful difpenfation of Providence :-At one o'clock in the morning of the 27th of February 1792, the lower part of the houfe of H. MARRIOTT, on the Markethill, was difcovered to be on fire; and, the flames afcending with dreadful rapidity, he was obliged to leave his affrighted little-ones hovering round their diftracted mother; and by an extraordinary effort, gated the root of an adjoining houfe, calling aloud for that help, which, alas! could not be procured; for,

Bailiffs tried them before the Conqueft;

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To the EDITOR of the EUROPEAN MAGAZINE.

SIR, LOOKING over fome old papers, which have long been in my poffeffion, I found the Narrative which I now tranfinit, and which, from the fpelling and other circumitances, you will obferve is as old as the last century. I fhall only add, that Hunt, who is mentioned in it, and at that time a king's officer, lived 64 years after, dying fo late as the month of July 1752. I am, &c.

FROM THE

G. H.

ACCOUNT OF THE TAKING OF KING JAMES AND BRINGING HIM TO FAVERSHAM,

WRITTEN BY CAPT. SOUTHOUSE, AT THAT TIME MAYOR OF THE TOWN.

Quaq; ipfe miferrima vidi.

ON Tuesday, Dec. 11th. 1688, were taken Sr. Tho. Jener, Mr. Graham, & Mr. Burton, in a Coach at Faversham. At ye. fame time feverall coaches defign. ing for France were ftopt at Ofpringe. "Amongst thefe was Obadiah Walker, "Mr. of University College in Oxford, "who was taken at Sittingbourn by the "2. Mr. Napletons & Mr. Edwards, & "fome of ye. Rabble, & brought to "ye. Queen's Arms at Faversham.”

'Twas in a 4t. of an Hour fpread abt. ye. Town yt. Mr. Waiker had privately fent his man to Rochetter to defire ye. Colonel of ye. Irish Regiment yhere, to march his Soldiers yt. night to Faversham, in order to rescue him and ye. reft yt. were taken. Upon this ye. Rabble threatened to cut all their throats, and had done it, if fome good men had not overpr.fuaded ym.

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"The eldest of ye. Napletons, who "had fhewn his valour agt. unarmed "Priests this day, could by no means endure ye. very apprehenfion of refifting ye. Irish Red-coats, who were expected yt. night to bayle his prisoners; but "like a wife man (who refolved to fleep "in a whole fkin) mounts his horfe, "declaring yt. he would go to Canter"bury imediately to ye. Gent. there, & "raile ye. Country Troops for our affift. "ance here, & yt. he would be back "again by Twelve at night, it being abt. "Six when he fet forth, where we will "leave him for a while & return to his "Fellow Priest-catcher, Edwards, in "whofe face one might pr.ceive all ye. "marks yt. a cowardly fear could im"print," &c.

Edwards wrote Letters to feveral Gent. to raise ye. country. One Mr. Amis & John Hunt moved Captain Southoufe to fend ym. fome of his men to take a Vessel with ye. King's Jack, wch. was feen off Sherneffe. The Capt. faid he could not VOL. XXV.

fpare ym. because of ye. Irish, wm. it was reported yt. my Ld. Tenam had joyned with feveral Horfe. Abt. 20. of ye. Souldiers fwore yey. would goe, and accordingly went.

"I must not here forget to mention ye. “extraordinary diligence of a neighbour"ing Parfon, by name Bernard, who "(whether inforined by an emiffary of "Edwards's or being rogue enough was "privy to ye. damn'd defign himf.) "mounted his fteed, & tho' a very heavy "horfeman at another time, nimbly gal"loped over his Parish, and with a pul"piteering Tone, pronounced deftruc"tion to man, woman, & child, if yey. "'tinued half an Hour longer in their "beds; for ye. bloody Irish Papifts were

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come to Sittingbourn, & had destroyed "all as yey. came along: ye. poor Coun

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try-men being well acquainted with ye. "voice, took it for granted yt. it was "certainly true, & imediately all fro 16. "to 60. years feifed wt. Arms every one "could lay hold on, & thus, after their "church-militant leader, marcht into "Town."

The K. & Sr. Edw. Hales taken by Hunt, &c. Hunt gives ye. firft notice, upon wch. Edwards begins his Health. Amis gives an acct. of ye. takeing of ye. Veffel, & brought with him Sr. Edw. Hales's fword. Harry Moon, being one of ym, who were in ye. meantime left to guard ye. veffel, was very rude, efpecially to ye. K. not knowing him;

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"but was

reprimanded feveral times by John Jeffiy, ye. Pipe-maker, who fhewed more "civility to ye. K. tho' unknown, yn. "could be expected indeed by fuch a fort "of man, & at fuch a time; for ye. K. "fitting where ye. Rain beat down upon "him, this Jeffery offered him his place, "wch. was tree fro ye. weather, & ye. "K. readily accepted of it: after yt. ye. "K. asked him his Name, & he told C

"him:

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"him: fays ye. K. Thou art a civil "fellow; but let me ask you one Qu. "Do you believe yt. Papifts go to Hea"ven? Says Jeffery, God forbid, but vey. fhd. but they go a great way abt. "Sr. How fo? faid ye. K. Why, faid "Jeffery; fuppofe, yt. you was to go to "Canterbury from this Place, ye, nearest way is by Faversham; but if you go to Sheerneffe, & then thro' Milton & "Sittingbourn, you'l come to Canterbury "at laft, but you go a long way abt. "wch. faying of ye. Pipe-maker's wonderfully pleafed ye. K. fo yt. he repeated it several times, when he was at "Faversham."

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46

The ferryman carryed Sr. Edw. Hales out of ye. Boat, but ye. K. was forced to walk through ye. Water. "When yey. alighted fro ye. Coach at ye. Queen's "Arms, one Marth a Brewer of ye. Town reported yt. one of ym. was ye. K. (wch. was no little furprise to ye. "People) Imediately ye. Capt. of ye. Company (who was alfo Mayor) was fent for by Sr. Edw. Hales to come to ym. who (affoon as he entred ye. room) faw ye. K. walking & immediately knew him, notwithstanding ye. difguile he was in, & fell down on his knees to him; but ye. K. in paffion, being unwilling as it was fuppofed to be known, cryed, Stand up, wt, do you mean? The Mayor rofe, & went to Sr. Edw. Hales & faid, Surely this is ye. K. ! Sr. Edw. turns abt. & wth. alow voice anfwers, 'Tis too true, wch. brought a "flood of Tears fro. his eyes. The Rable (who stood all this while at ye. door) feeing ye. Mayor kneel to him, & re"membring Marthe's report, cryed out, Ye. K. ye, K. When his Maj. found he was difcovered, he admitted ye. Mayor to have ye. Hour. of kiffing his hand. And foon after yt. ye. K, cal"led ye. Mayor afide, & told him yt.

he

was fully refolved to go for France, & he wd. have him to aflift in getting him, "off, & yt. he did believe, yt. Amis who took him, wd. be ye. moft proper man "to undertake ye. matter: for added ye. "K. I fee he is a bold fellow by wt. he has done already. The Mayor told his Majty. yt. he was afraid Amis wd. not be true to him: because he had declared

* for ye. Pr. of O. along, & was alfo ye. "active Head of ye. Mob. The K. "reply'd,' Iis no matter for yt. I am fure, "he will do any thing for mony, wch. he

fhall not want, if he pr.forms this: "therefore go imediately & bring him to me."

When Amis was told by ye. Capt. yt. ye. K. was one of those whom he had taken, & yt. ye. Capt. was fent to bring him to his Maj.ty. he "feemed extreamly furprised at "this, wch. his pale looks & violent Trem"blings gave fufficient Teftimony of: "Affoon as he came before ye. K. he fell "down on his knees, & told ye. K. yt. if "Sr. Edw. Hales or any one had but dif"covered to him, when he boarded ye. "Veffel, who he was, he would certainly "have landed him in France, or where he "wd. go, before yt. time. The K. said to "him, Will you ferve me now, & carry me "to France? Amis reply'd, yt. he would "wth. all his heart: fo ye. K. pitched

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upon him to be ye. man to carry him "off, & every thing for a while feemed "obedient to his Maj.tie's wifhes. But "foon after ye. K. was pr.fuaded fro "trusting Amis, by one Mr. Sherman, "who was collector of his Maj.ties' cuf"toms, who propofed one Rich. Maid"ftone ye. chief Boatman of ye. Custom"houfe here, who indeed was a man yt. "equal'd, if not exceeded Amis in skill &

courage, & had a 1000 times more & "better Principles of honesty in him: "The place was imediately affixt, where "he fhd. take water, & ye. Mayor told his "Maj.ty yt. if he pleafed to go to his "houfe, he could convey him at Midnight "out of his Back Gate to ye. Water"fide; & ye. Town know nothing of it. "The K. approved of it very well, &

bid ye. Mayor get all things ready to "go to France wth. him, & provide 12.

tout, refolute men, yt. would be true to "him, if any thing fhd. happen in his "getting off. The Mayor went pretently

abt. it, & upon his Return met wth, an "old Townfinan, who told him, he would "be ready at 12. a clock at his Back Gate "to guard ye. K. The Mayor was very "much furprised to hear, yt. he knew ye. "defign, & pretended altogether ignorant "of it: but ye. old man told him, yt. his "Maj.ty had trufted him with it, & he "would ferve him as faithfully as any:

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ye. Mayor went to his Maj.ty, & asked "him, if he had trufted yt. old man?

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His Maj.ty antwered, yes; why, is he

not honeft? The Mayor replyed, he "doubted not, for he was turned out of "comiffion in K. Ch. 2d.'s time, & was "under confinement in Monmouth's Re"bellion, as difaffected to yr. Maj.ties' "Govnt. The K. made Anfwer, yt. he "was forry, he knew it not before; & in "lefsyn. a quarter of an Hour there was "1000 mob was gott abt. ye. Houfe, yt. "his Maj.tie's voyage was quite at an end."

AN

AN ACCOUNT OP Nevery refpect the nobleft quadruped in nature is the Elephant, not lefs remarkable for its fize, than its docility and understanding.

With a very aukward appearance, he poffetles all the fentes in great perfection, and is capable of applying them to more ueful purposes than any other animal.All hiftorians concur in giving it the character of the mott fagacious creature next to man; and naturalifts have given us uncommon inftances of its ingenuity. For the following inftance of its memory and docility, we are indebted to Ralph Lecke, Elg. Collector of Tipperah, in the diftrict of Chittagong; and we hope our readers will derive much amufement from an account as authentic as it is curious.

"JUGGUTFEEARREE, a female Elephant, was taken in a Kheddab, with many others, at Tipperah, in the year 1172, B. S. by the prefent Rajah, Kibun Maunick, and given by him fix months afterwards, to Abdoor Rezab, the Dewan of Shumfhur Gauzee, who had poffeffion of the province by a Sunrud from Jaffer Ally Cawn. A force was, in the year 1174, B.S. fent against Abdoor Rezab by the Rajah, when he turned this Elephant, which he had used as a Swarry Elephant for near three years, loofe into the jungles.

"In the year 1177, B. S. in the month of Maug, the Rajah took this Elephant again in a Kheddah; and in the month of Bag, the following year, the broke loofe from her pegeting in a violent ftorm of wind and rain in the night, and made her fecond efcape into the hills, On the 25th of December lait, she was drove, with feventy other Elephants, by my people into a Kheddub. On the 26th, I went to fee the Elephants that were enfnared, when Juggutper arree was pointed out to me by the Mabotes who recollected her, and particularly by one who had charge of her for a year or two. The Mabotes frequently called out to her by the name of Juggat pecarree, to which the feemed to pay fome attention by immediately looking towards them when he heard it, but did not answer to the name in the manner fhe was known to do when the above-mentioned Mabote had charge of her. She appeared not like the other Elephants, who were conftantly running about the Kheddab in a rage, but perfectly reconciled to her confinement; nor did the, no doubt from a recollection of what she had twice before fuffered, from that time to the 13th inftant, ever come' near the Roomce. I had ordered, if the

AN ELEPHANT.

ΤΟ

wanted to go into the Roomee, not to let her, that I might be prefent myself when fhe was taken out of the Kheddab; and' for this purpofe, I went, cn the 13th inftant, when there only remained in the Kheddab, Jugg utpecarree, another large female, and eight young ones belonging them both. After fending in the Koomkeys, and fecuring the large female, I told the Mabotes to call Jugguipecarree. She immediately came to the fide of the ditch within the encloture. I then fent two or three Mabates in to her with a plantain tree: he came to the Mabotes, and not only tock the plantain leaf out of their hands with her trunk, but opened her mouth for them, to put the plantain leaf into it, which they did, froking and careffing her, and calling her by her name. The Malotes wanted, at firit, to tie her legs, by means of the Koomkeys, thinking, as he had been fo long in the jungles, and had then four young ones about her, that she was not to be truited; however, I infitted, as I faw the animal to very tame and harmless, that they should not attempt to tie her, and told a Mabote to take one of the Koomkeys up to her, and take her by the ear and tell her to lie down. She did not like the Koomkeys coming near her, and went at a diftance feemingly angry; but when the Mabetes called her the came to them immediately and allowed them to ftroke and carets her as before, and a few minutes afterwards admitted the Koonkeys to familiarity with her, when a Mubote from one of the Koomkays faftened a fmall rope round her body, and immediately from the Koomkey jumped upon her back, which, at the inftant of the man's jumping upon her, fhe did not feem to like; however, was almoft immediately reconciled to it: another fmall rope was then faftened about her neck, for the Mabote to fix his feet in, he went upon her neck, and drove her about the Kheddah in the fame manner as the other tam Elephants; he then told her to lie down, which the inftantly did, nor did the rife till fhe was told; the Mabote fed her from his feat, and gave her his tick, which he took from him with her trunk and put it into her mouth, and held it for him; in fhort, had there been more wild Elephants in the Kbeddab to tie, fhe would have been ufeful for fecuring them. As foon as the came out of the Kbeddab I went up to her, took her by the ear, and told her to lie down, a command which the inftantly obeyed. She was brought to Commilla, the next day, which is about twelve miles C 2

from

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from the Kheddah, and half an hour ago, I had her brought to me and fed her, and without touching her, told her to lie down, which the did immediately; she had four young ones (of her own) with her in the Khudub, and is now very big with young.

"I have not exaggerated in the least in this account, which three other Gentlemen can vouch for, having been witneffes to every material circumftance I have mentioned.

"Commilla, Jan. 15, 1783.

"R. L."

N. B. Juggutprearree. The name of the Elephant, given to her when he was first taken.

Kheddah. Aftrong inclosure about five hundred yards in circumference, into which the Elephants are driven; within it is a ditch from fix to eight cubits deep, and from ten to twelve cubits wide. Roomee. A trong narrow paffage without the Khed lab, into which the Ele. phants are enticed fingly by food, and there fecured in this clofe confinement they exert the utmost of their strength, till they bi uife, and almost exhault themfelves.

Koomkey. A tame female Elephant made ufe of to tie and fecure the wild ones. Mabote. An Elephant driver, who generally rides upon the neck of the animal, and guides him with a pointed iron like a large fish-hook. B. S. Bengal tyle.

A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF ATTEMPTS TO DISCOVER THE LONGITUDE,
AND THE CONSTRUCTION OF TIME KEEPERS FOR THAT PURPOSE
WITH THE GREAT ACCURACY TO WHICH THESE HAVE LATELY BEEN
BROUGHг.

THE dife very of the longitude is of

fuch importance to the art of navigation, that many nations have thought proper to offer rewards to the artist or man of fcience whofe genius fhould enable him to find it. In Portugal, in Spain, in Holland +, in France, and in England, confiderable remunerations have been heid out as incitements to the research. Thus many, in various parts of Europe, were prompted to attempt a difcovery which, for its importance, would fufficiently honour any one that should achieve i; and, indeed, to attempt a matter of fo much consequence for preferving the lives of thofe brave men who expofe themicives to every peril of the wind and waves, furely merits the cfteem and gratitude of fociety. Of the various endeavours made to attain this definable end we shall proceed to give a fuccinct account.

About the beginning of the feventeenth century, different machines and various meafures were propofed, all of which proved fruitles. In 1603 William le Nauton. nier published a work entitled, "Métromé trie de l'Aima t; or, the Art of dfcovering the Longitude by Means of the Variation of the Needle." This method, however, was not properly his own, but Touf.

faint Beffard's, of Auge in Normandy, who published it in 1574.

In 1623 Benedetto Scotto published a tract" On the Ufe and Practice of the Longitude," L'Ufage et Pratique des Longitudes. It was prefented to the Council of Lewis XIII. but rejected.

In 1634 John Baptist Morin announced that he had difcovered the fecret of the longitude; and, in confequence, claimed a right to the rewards promited by Spain and Holland. But he conceived it his duty to affure the glory of this difcovery to France, his native country, before he afferted this claim. Cardinal Richelieu promised him a recompence proportionate to the importance of his invertion, if it proved of as much utility as he pretended, and a Committee was appointed to examine the method he propofed. His way of determining the longitude at fea was by the different fruntion of the moon with refpect to the fixed itars, and was approved by the Committee, with this reftriction, however, that the lunar tables at that time were too imperfect not to expofe his method to confiderable crrors. As a reward for what he had done, he received in 1645 a pention of two thoufand livres (831. 65. 8d.) a. year.

Philip II. folemnly engaged to give a hundred thousand Spanish crowns to any one that fhould folve the problem.

The States-General promifed ten thousand florins.

Twenty thousand pounds iterling were offered by Act of Parliament.

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