yours, and if any of them happens to be kill'd, if it be not known whofe Cow it was that did it, the Homyl Cow (or the Cow that wants Horns) fhall be blam'd for it; and the Owner of that Cow fhall be answerable for his Neighbour's Dammage. XXIV. A Sow, that eats her Pigs, fhall be fton'd to Death, and none be permitted to eat of her Flesh. XXV. A Sow, that eats Corn, or furrows up another Man's Land, shall be kill'd, without any Redress to the Owner. XXVI. All other Beasts, that shall be found eating their Neighbour's Corn or Grafs, fhall be Poinded, till the Owner give Satisfaction for the Lofs, that his Neighbour has fuftain'd. XXVII. Altars, Churches, Oratories, Images of Saints, Chapels, Priefts and all Ecclefiaftic Perfons, fhall be held in Veneration. XXVIII. Festival and Solemn Days, Fafts, Vigils and all other Ceremonies inftituted by the Church,fhall be punctually Obferv'd. XXIX. He, who injures a Churchman, either by Word or Deed, fhall be punish'd with Death. XXX. All Sepulchres fhall be held in great Veneration, and a Crofs put upon them, that they may not be trampled upon. XXXI. The Place, where any Man is kill'd or buried, fhall be untilled,Seven Years. XXXII. Every Man fhall be buried according to his Quality. If he be a Nobleman that has done great Actions for the Common-Wealth, he shall be buried after this manner; Two Horse-men fhall pafs before him to the Church, the First mounted upon a White Horse, cloath'd in the Defunct's best Apparel, and bearing his Armour; the other shall be upon a Black Horfe, in a Mourning Apparel; and when the Corps is to be interr'd, he, who is in Mourning Apparel, fhall turn his Back to the Altar, and lamentably bewail the Death of his Mafter, and then return the fame Way that he came; the other shall offer his Horse and Armour to the Priest, and then interr the Corps, with all the Rites and Ceremonies of the Church. This Cuftom of Burying of Noblemen was afterwards Abrogated; and, Five Pound was paid to the Prieft, in place of the Horse and Armour. Thefe Laws were call'd Mac Alpin's Laws, or the Laws of Alpin's Son, many of which are Obferv'd to this very Day.

This excellent Prince liv'd, in great Tranquillity, for Sixteen Years, after the Overthrow of the Picts; having Peace at Home, by reafon of his juft Government; and Peace Abroad, by the Power of his Arms. He enlarg'd his Dominions from Cathness to Hadrian's Wall, fays Fordon (p). This Monarch put a Period to the Pilih Kingdom, after it had continu'd 1161 Years; and Died in Peace,in the Twentieth Year of his Reign, in the Year of our Lord 855, at Forteivet, near Scone, as we Learn from this Ancient Diftic, in the Chronicle of Melrofs;

Primus in Albania fertur regnaffe Kinedhus
Filius Alpini, Prælia multa gerens.
Expulfis Pictis, regnaverat octo bis Annis,
Atque Fortemet mortuus ille fuit.

To Kenneth fucceeded his Brother, DONALD V. Our Hiftorians are extremely divided about this Prince's Actions. For, fome of them have represented him as a moft Vicious Prince, and Overcome by two Powerful English Monarchs, call'd Osbreth and Ella, who kill'd Twenty Thousand of his Men, and extended the Dominions of the

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(P) Lib. 4. Cap. 4.

English and Britains, as far as Stirling; and that upon the Bridge, which the English built over the Forth, there stood a Crucifix, beneath which, were ingraven these Two Lines,

Anglos a Scotis feparat Crux ifta remotis :
Arma hic ftant Bruti, ftant Scoti fub hac Cruce tuti.

Which is thus Englished by Belenden :

I am free Marche, as Paffangeris may ken
To Scottis, to Britonis and to Inglis Men.

After this, they fay, he was Imprifon'd by his Subjects, and kill'd himfelf. But others fay, That this Prince perform'd many Noble Exploits both at Home and Abroad, was no ways inferior to his Brother; that he Died a Natural Death at Scone, and was Buried in the Isle of Man. This Account of him feems to me the most Probable; becaufe the MS. of Colmkyl confirms it, wherein 'tis faid, that he was, Miles inclitus, & ad omnes actus bellicos fortis & pronus; quique crebras victorias & triumphos in debellatione Pictorum gloriofe peregit; vicinis vero Regnis Regibus pacem fovere ftuduit & concordiam: That's to fay,a Valiant Soldier, prone to, and Couragious in, all Warlike Atchievements; who, in the Exterminating of the Picts, obtain'd frequent Victories and Glorious Triumphs; and who ftudied to live in Concord and Peace with his Neighbouring Kingdoms and Kings. He Died in the Year of our Lord 860.

To Donald fucceeded CONSTANTINE, Son to Kenneth. In the Beginning of his Reign, he quell'd a Sedition, rais'd by Emen of the Tjles and Governour of Dunftaffage. About this Time, a vaft Army of Danes, under the Conduct of Hinguar and Hubba, two Valiant Brothers, invaded this Island, and Landing in Fife, put all,they met with, to the Sword. Adrian, Bishop of S. Andrew's, and many Religious Men with him, having fled to the Iiland of May, were there moft cruelly put to Death. Upon this, Conftantine rais'd a great Army, and, coming to the Water of Leven, overcame a ftrong Party of the Danes Commanded by Hubba, who had been separated from his Brother, by the Swelling of the River: ButHubba made his Escape,with a great many others, and join'd his Brother Hinguar. Conftantine, being puft up with this Victory, pursued them to the Eaft Point of Fife, not far from the Town of Crail, where a Bloody Battel was fought between them: Here the Scots loft Ten Thousand Men; and Conftantine was taken Prisoner and kill'd in a Cove, (which to this Day, in Memory of this Action, is call'd, the Black or the Devil's Cove.) in the Thirteenth Year of his Reign, and in the Year of our Lord 870. After this,the Danes march'd into England, where they gain'd several Victories.

In

To Conftantine fucceeded his Brother, ETHUS. This Prince was much addicted to Hunting; and was fo fwift, that none in his Kingdom was able to run with him, for which he was Sirnam'd Alipes. the Second Year of his Reign, a Quarrel, at Hunting, hapned betwixt him and Gregory, Son to King Dongallus; in which, he was Mortally Wounded, and Died of his Wounds,two Months after, in the Year of our Lord 872.

To

To Etbus fucceeded GREGORT, Son to Congallus. This Prince so soon as he was plac'd upon the Throne, being defirous to be reveng'd upon the Danes, for Invading of Scotland in Conftantine's Time, rais'd a Powerful Army, and march'd towards the Borders of England, with a Defign of joining the English against the Danes, who were ravaging their whole Country. The Danes,being advertis'd of this, did throw in fome Forces into Berwick, to strengthen that Garison. Howbeit the Inhabitants were no fooner inform'd of the Arrival of Gregory and of his Defign, but they open'd the Gates to him, in the Night-time; by which means, all the Danes in the Town were put to the Sword. From thence Gregory march'd into Northumberland, where he fought a Profperous Battel against Hardnute; then having join'd his Forces with those of Alfred, King of England, the Two Kings expell'd the Danes out of Northumberland. After Gregory had thus chaftis'd the Danes, he turn'd his Arms against the Britains, who retain'd fome Lands belonging to the Scots; but, they being willing to give them up, and entering into a League with him against the Danes, he return'd Home, and disbanded his Army. Howbeit, Gregory was no fooner gone, than the Britains begun to repent of what they had done, and rais'd an Army, with which they invaded Scotland. Whereupon Gregory levies another Army, and, having met them at Lochmaben, in Annandale, defeat their Forces, kill'd their King, Conftantine; and oblig'd them to reftore Cumberland and Weftmorland to him. Then he renew'd the League with them and the English, against the Danes; and march'd with his Army, into Galloway, where fome of the Irish had Landed, and Plunder'd the Country, under the Pretence, that fome of their Ships, which had been driven, by Strefs of Weather, upon their Coaft, had been Plunder'd by them. The Irish, fo foon as they heard of Gregory's marching towards them, immediately fled to their Ships: But Gregory, having got together a fufficient Number of Transports,pafs'd over with his Army to Ireland. At that time, Duncan, or Dunachus, was King of Ireland, who,being under Age,Brienus and Cornellius, Two of the moft Powerful of the Nobility, had divided the whole Land into Two Factions: Gregory overcame both these in Pitch'd Battels; and, having taken the Cities of Dundalk and Drogheda, he laid Siege to Dublin, and took it likewife, where he found the Young King, Duncan. Thereafter, calling together the Nobility, he made them take an Oath of Homage and Fealty to him, made himself Guardian to their King, till he should be of Age; put Garifons into their Forts, and made them Swear, That they fhould never admit of either English, Danes or Britains into their Ifland, without his Permiffion; then receiving Sixty Hoftages, for the Performance of what they had Sworn, he return'd in great Triumph to his own Kingdom. After this, he made many excellent Laws for the Good of his Subjects; built the City of Aberdeen; and Died in Peace, at the Caftle of Dundore, in the Garioch, in the Eighteenth Year of his Reign, in the Year of our Lord 893, and lyes Buried at Colmkyl. This Prince is defervedly Sirnam'd, by his Country-Men, Gregory the Great; for, he fo admirably discharged all the Offices of a King, both in Peace and War, that he was the Delight of his Subjects, and a Terror to his Enemies; not only upon the Account of his Perfonal Valour, which was amazing,

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but for his furprifing Conduct, by which he gain'd the Hearts of all thofe, who were forc'd to fubmit to his irrefiftible Courage.

To Gregory fucceeded DONALD VI. the Son of Conftantine, a Prince of Excellent Endowments. He affifted the English against the Danes; and quell'd a Bloody Fewd, betwixt the Inhabitants of Rofs and Murray; in which, each of the Factions loft about 2000 Men, in Two Months Time. Fordon fays, this King died, in this Expedition, at Forrefs, a Town in Murray, not far from Elgin, in the Eleventh Year of his Reign, not without the suspicion of Poifon, in the Year of our Lord 904. and lyes Bury'd at Colmkyl.

To Donald VI. fucceeded CONSTANTINE ÍII. Son to Etbus Alipes. The Danes intifed this Prince, with Hopes of extending his Dominions, to enter into a League with them, against the English: But that, which seems moftly to have induc'd him to this, was, that King Edward of England demanded, of him, the Surrendery of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland. During the Reign of King Edward, feveral Skirmishes pafs'd betwixt them; and,he Dying in the Year 924, his Son, Athelftane, purfu'd the War, with the utmost Vigour; of whofe Birth, the English Hiftorians have this peculiar Story. In the Reign of King Alfred, when his Son Edward was Young, the Daughter of a Shepherd, by Name, Edgina, in a Village of the Weft Saxons, had a Dream, That the Moon did fhine, out of her Womb, so bright, that all England was enlightned by the Splendour of it. This being told to a grave Matron, who had been Nurse to several of the King's Children, the took her into her House, and educated her as tenderly as if she had been her own Daughter, inftructing her to Demean her self, as might become a Perfon both of Birth and Breeding. In Procefs of Time, Prince Edward, the King's Eldeft Son, occafionally paffing thro' the Town, thought himself oblig'd, in Civility, to Vifit his Nurfe; who brought him to the fight of this Beautiful Maid, whose Charms fo Captivated his Affections, that he was inceffantly importunate to ly with her. His Defire being at length obtain'd, Edgina prov'd with Child, and was deliver'd of a Son,to whom, Edward, in refpect to her former Dream,gave the Name of Athelstane, which fignifies the most Noble, in the Saxon Language. This Athelftane, having overthrown in Battel Godefrid, King of the Danes, and his Brother, Anlaf, and they both having fled into Scotland, fent Ambaffadors to King Conftantine, to deliver them up; which he very Generously refufing, Athelstane invades Scotland. Whereupon the Scots and Danes having join'd their Forces, Conftantine, being a Prince that was more addicted to a Religious and Sedentary Life than War, makes Malcolm, Son to King Donald VI. General of his Forces; and, the more to Encourage him, he makes him Prince of Cumberland. Malcolm, with this numerous and well ordered Army, march'd into Northumberland; and, at a Place call'd Brunanburg, the Scots had the Misfortune to be Overthrown, by trufting too much to their Numbers. This Battel, fays Echard, which prov'd highly to the Honour and Advantage of Athelftane, was fought from Morning till Night, and was the Bloodieft that ever had been known in England. In which, Ingulph says, That,befides Conftantine, Five other Kings were there Slam, Twelve Earls, and an infinite Number of the inferior Sort. But our Hiftorians, who acknowledge the Lofs of the Battel, fay, That, the English having made a feint Flight, the Scots

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and Danes, fuppofing themselves Conquerors, purfu'd them a fhort way, and then returning, fell to the Plunder of their Camp; which being perceiv'd by Athelftane, he rallied his Broken Army, and set upon them, as they were scatter'd and laden with Booty; and, after a huge Slaughter, Malcolm, being forely Wounded, was carried off by his Men. However, by the Accounts of the Writers of both Nations, 'tis very probable, what our Hiftorians further add, viz. That a Peace enfu'd, betwixt the Two Kings, upon Conftantine's paying Homage to Athelftane, for the Counties of Cumberland and Weftmorland. Neverthelefs, Conftantine was fo griev'd for the Lofs of this Battel, that he forfook the World; and having refign'd his Crown, in the Fourtieth Year of his Reign, in the Year of our Lord 943. fpent the remnant of his Days amongst the Culdees,at S. Andrew's; and lyes Buried at Colmkyl. In this King's Reign, liv'd Lawrence, a Famous Presbyter in Germany, whofe Life you have in the Firft Volume of this Work, Page 379.

To Conftantine fucceeded MALCOLM, Son to King Donald. Athelftane being dead, and his Brother, Edmund, Reigning; the Danes, under the Conduct of their King, Anlaf, wafted the Country from Tork Southward, to Northampton. This mov'd King Edmond to renew the League, with King Malcolm, that Conftantine had made with Athelstane,with this fuperadded Article, That,for the Future, the Prince or apparent Heir of Scotland fhould always be Stiled, Prince of Cumberland and Weftmorland. Whereupon Indulphus, Son to Conftantine III. was declared Prince of Cumberland; and an Army of 10000 Scots was sent to the Affiftance of King Edmund. After this, King Malcolm went thro' his Kingdom to Reform the Abuses, (especially Theft and Robbery) that had crept in amongst his Subjects, during the late Wars. He himself did ordinarily Vifit all the Courts of Judicature, once in Two Years; and Administrated Juftice with great Equity. At length he was Affaffinated, in the Night-time, by fome of thofe Ruffians, at Ulrine, a Town in Murray, in the Fifteenth Year of his Reign, in the Year of our Lord 959. and lyes Bury'd at Colmkyl..

To Malcolm fucceeded INDULPHUS, Son to Conftantine III. The Danes,being extremely exafperated againft the Scots for affifting the Englifb,came,in the Beginning of his Reign, with a Navy of 50 Ships,into the Firth of Forth; and having in vain attempt to land in feveral Places, at length they landed in Buchan, at the Mouth of the River Cullen. In dulphus, being inform'd of this, march'd, with all imaginable Hafte, to Buchan,where he fell upon the Danes unexpectedly;and,in the Heat of the Fight,Grabame and Dumbar, twoLothian Men,coming to his Affiftance with a fresh Body of Men,the Danes were immediately put to the Flight. But,in the Pursuit, Indulphus was kill'd, by an Arrow, from one of their Ships, as fome fay; or in a Wood, whither fome of them had fled, as others affirm, in the Ninth Year of his Reign, in the Year of our Lord 968. and lyes Buried at Colmkyl.

To Indulphus fucceeded DUFFUS, Son to King Malcolm. In the Beginning of his Reign, he fent Culen, Prince of Scotland and Cumberland, to quell an Infurrection amongst the Ilanders; and went himself to Murray-Land, to punish fome Robbers and Thieves, that were there. In the mean time, he fell Sick of a Disease, which, the Phyficians faid, was Supernatural; and, a ftri&t Enquiry being made, they found

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