Buchanan thinks it was only a Dream of Macbeth's. Whatever Truth be in the Matter, they are all agreed, that not long after, Macbeth, being made Thane of Cawder by King Duncan, accomplish'd the other Part of the Prophecy by Murdering the King, at Inverness, in the Sixth Year of his Reign, the Year of our Lord 1046. and caufing himself to be Crown'd King. This Prince was, by his Natural Temper, more inclinable to Peace than War; yet, when forc'd to it, he behav'd with extraordinary Valour and Prudence: He was Firft Buried at Elgin, and afterwards was tranfported to Colmkyl.

MACBETH, after the Death of King Duncan, went ftraight to Scone, where he got himself Crown'd King. Thereafter, that he might ingratiate himself with the People, as all Ufurpers do, in the Beginning of his Reign, he feverely punish'd all Thieves, Robbers, Murderers, c. and made many excellent Laws, both for the Good of the Church and State. Having thus ftrengthned himself by the Aid and Favour of the Multitude, that he fear'd no Force to difturb him, he begun to reflect, upon what had been faid to Bancho, about his Pofterity's enjoying the Crown, and how he might prevent the fame. For this end, he invited him and his Son to a Supper, and, in their Return home, Bancho was kill'd by fome Arm'd Men, whom Macbeth had order'd to ly in wait for them: But his Son Fleanchus made his Escape, under the Covert of the Night, and fled into Wales. After this, the Horrours of a troubled Confcience daily increafing upon him, he fulpected every Body about him, put feverals of the Nobility to Death, and not thinking himself secure enough with his Guard, caus'd build a Caftle upon the Top of the Hill of Dunfinnan, lying South-Weft Three Miles from Cowper, in Angus, where there was a large Profpect over all the Country, and there he refolved to spend the remaining part of his Days. All the Thanes of the Country being Summon'd to affift him in the building of this Caftle, MacDuff, Thane of Fife, having only fent his Servants, he became jealous of him, and threatned to punish him for his Contempt. MacDuff refolving to prevent him, went aboard of a Ship,and fail'd ftraight to England in Queft of the Young Prince Malcolm, King Duncan's Eldeft Son, who had fled thither, upon the Murder of his Father. Macbeth, being inform'd of this, came to Fife, apprehended the Thane's Wife and Children, put them to Death and Proclaim'd him Traitor. But this did not fatisfy him, for fo anxious was he, about knowing what his Fate might be, that it's faid, He went and Confulted a Sorcerefs, who told him, That he should never be kill'd by any Man, that was born of a Woman; or overcome in Battel, till the Wood of Birnane came to the Caftle of Dunfinnan: Both which seeming to him impoffible, he acted more Tyrannically than ever. In the mean time, MacDuff, having found the Young Prince, Malcolm, at King Edward's Court, where he was Nobly entertain'd, told him the lamentable Condition of his oppreffed Subjects; and how willingly they would join him,if he had but a very fmall Army. The Young Prince being afraid, that MacDuff had come only to lead him into fome Snare; told him, "That he was fully perfwaded of the Truth of what he faid; but that 66 he was altogether unfit for Governing, being Naturally Luftful and "Avaritious. MacDuff reply'd, that for his Luft it might be ftem'd by a lawful Marriage; and that his Avarice might be fatisfy'd with

the

66

66

"the Revenues of his Crown. But,fays the Prince,there is no Truth or Sincerity in me; I confide in no Body living, but change my Designs 66 and Counfels upon every Blaft of Sufpicion; and from the Inconftancy "of my own Difpofition,l use to make a Judgment of other Mens. Then, fays MacDuff, you are worse than the Devil that's Reigning over them, if worfe can be. And burfting forth in Tears,was going from him:Then Malcolm taking him by the Hand,told him, That what he had faid of himfelf,was falfe,and only done to try his Fidelity. After this,they went to King Edward and reprefented the Cafe to him; who immediately order'd Syward, the Valiant Earl of Northumberland, to affift King Malcolm with TenThousand Men. TheCertainty of this was no fooner known in Scotland, than most of the Thanes and Barons declar'd for him, as being their only Lawful Prince; and having join'd Malcolm's Army, they march'd ftraight to Dunfinnan, where Macbeth's Men lay. Then after a sharp Engagement, Macbeth's Forces were defeat, and himself kill'd by MacDuff, who brought his Head to King Malcolm in a Prefent. Molt of our Hiftorians tell us, That, the Night before the Action, Malcolm Ordered every one of his Soldiers to take a green Bough in their Hands, out of the Wood of Birnane, as a Token of their approaching Victory; and that MacDuff was taken out of his Mother's Womb, after her Death: So that, what the Sorcerefs faid to him, was accomplish'd. This Tyrant was kill'd in the Year of our Lord 1061. after he had Ufurped the Crown, Sixteen Years. In his time, liv'd Marianus Scotus, Profeffor of Theology and Mathematics at Ratisbone, whofe Life you have in the First Volume of this Work, Pag. 99.

MALCOLM, having thus recover'd his Father's Crown, was inaugurated at Scone; and from thence went to Forfar, where the First thing that he did, was to reftore to the Children their Fathers Eftates, who had been put to Death by Macbeth for their Loyalty to him, during his Absence. Then he made MacDuff Thane of Fife, Earl of Fife"; and granted to him and his Pofterity Four Privileges above all the reft of the Nobility, "The Firft was, that his Pofterity fhould place the King, who was to be Crown'd, in the Chair of State. The Second, that they should lead the Van of the King's Armies. The Third, "that they should have a free Regality within themselves; and to repledge his Men from all other Courts to his Regality to be Judged ແ there. The Fourth was, that, if any of his Family was guilty of unpremeditate Slaughter of a Nobleman,he fhould pay Four and Twenty Merks of Silver, as a Fine; if a Plebeian, Twelve Merks. This laft Law, fays Buchanan, was obferv'd till the Days of our Fathers as long as any of that Family were in Being. The other Thanes and Barons, who had been affifting to him, he honour'd with Titles, according to their refpective Merits. Thus the Thanes of Athol, Lenox, Murray, Cathnefs, Rofs and Angus were made Earls; and many others, Lords and Knights.

Whilft he was beftowing these Honours (which were never known, before in this Kingdom) at Forfar, Macbeth's Son, Lugtac, having got together a Party of the Rebels, who had adhered to his Father, went with them to Scone, where they Proclaim'd him King. But Malcolm, having purfu'd them to Strath-bogy, Lugtac was flain, and his whole Party routed, after he had ufurped the Name of King, Three Months.

T

After

After this, Word was brought to him, that a great Troup of Robbers were nefted in Cockburn-Forreft, who were infefting the Countries of Lothian and the Mers; and that Patrick Dumbar of That-Ilk, had rais'd his Followers in Pursuit of them, and, after a brisk Ontet,had overcome them, with the Lofs only of Fourty of his own Men, having kill'd Six Hundred of theirs, taken Fourty Prifoners, and Hang'd them: For which, the King made him Earl of March.

About this Time, Edgar, the Lawful Heir of the Crown of England, came with his Mother and Sifters into Scotland: The Hiftory of whose Adventures, together with the Life of his Sifter Margaret, whom King Malcolm Married, and who is fo well known by the Name of S. Margaret, you have fully in the First Volume of this Work, Page 129, Sc. William, Duke of Normandy, having Conquer'd all England, fearing that a Tempest might arife from Scotland, where the True and Lawful Heir of the Kingdom was harbour'd, fent an Herauld to King Malcolm, to deliver Edgar up to him, otherwise he would declare War against him. Malcolm not only refused to deliver up Edgar; but told the Herauld, That he would Protect him and his Friends to the utmost of his Power. Wherefore an open War was declar'd betwixt William the Conqueror and King Malcolm. Upon this, Prince Edgar's Friends flocked to him from all Parts; and King Malcolm, the more to ftrengthen himfelt against the English, renew'd the Old League with the French, as appears from Marianus Scotus (p), who tells us, That, about this Time, the Scots and French wafted the English Country. Likewife from the Hiftories of that Time, we find, that there was little Friendship betwixt the King of France and the Conqueror (q); and that Robert, Earl of Normandy, the Conqueror's Son, did join with Prince Edgar against his Father; and that both (r) were fupported by the Scots and French. King William, being puft up with his Good Success against the English, doubted not, but that, in a short Time,he would conquer the Scots likewife; and to prepare his Way, he fent one Roger, a Nobleman of his own Country, with Forces into Northumberland: But he was overcome, put to the Flight, and flain by his own Men. Then Richard, Earl of Glocefter, was fent with a greater Army; whom Patric, Earl of Dumbar, wearied out with light Skirmishes, fo that he did little or nothing. At laft, Odo, King William's Brother and Bishop of Bayon, being made Earl of Kent, came down with a much greater Strength: But, as he was returning with a great Booty, having only plunder'd the Country of Northumberland, Malcolm fet upon him, flew and took many of his Men Prifoners, and recover'd the Prey. Thereafter, when his Army was recruited, Robert, King William's Son, was fent down with new Forces; but did little or nothing. At length, William refolv'd to put an End to the War himself, and accordingly enter'd Galloway with a Powerful Army: But his Soldiers finding none to oppose them there, he march'd directly towards Malcolm's Army, then lying in Lothian. Nevertheless, both Kings being afraid of each other, a Peace was concluded betwixt them, which was made on thefe Conditions, That at Stanmore, in Richmond-Shire, the Bounds of both Kingdoms fhould be fix'd; and in the Boundary a Crofs of Stone fhould be erected, which fhould contain the Statues and Arms of the Kings of both Sides: (That Cross, as long

(P) Ad An. 1070. (4) Ch. de Mel. ad An. 1077. (r) Id. ad An. 1079.

as

as it stood, was call'd the Recrofs, or the King-Cross.) That Malcolm fhould enjoy Cumberland, as his Ancestors held it. Moreover Edgar was alfo receiv'd into William's Favour, and endow'd with large Revenues.

After this Peace, fome inteftine Seditions arofe in the Country. The moft confiderable of which, was one in Galloway, that was quell'd by Walter (Nephew to Bancho, Thane of Lochaber,begot by his Son Fleanchus, in his Banishment, with a Daughter of one of the Welsh Kings,) for which he was made Steward of Scotland, being appointed to gather in all the King's Revenues; and all his Defcendants ever fince, have been call'd Stewards. The other in Rofs, Murray and Marr, Headed by one Mac Duncan: Against whom the King march'd in Perfon with an Army, and coming to the River of Spey, found the Rebels encamped upon the other Side thereof. The King having order'd his Men to pass the River and attack them,his Standard-bearer made a Halt,it being one of the moft Violent Currents in all Scotland. Whereupon the King fnatch'd the Standard out of his Hand,and gave it to one, Alexander Caron, a Knight of renown'd Valour, whofe Pofterity had ever afterwards the Honour of carrying the King's Standard in the Wars: And, instead of Caron,the Name of Scrimzeur was given him. As the King was paffing the River with his Army, he was met by the Clergy; and, at their Interceffion, he pardon'd all the Vulgar, upon their Submiffion: But Mac Duncan and the Principal Perfons, amongst them, were either put to Death or Forfaulted. This Excellent Prince, having thus obtain'd Peace both at Home and Abroad, apply'd himself to the Reforming all the Abuses, he found amongst his Subjects.

In the mean time, William the Conqueror died, and his Son William Rufus fucceeded him; who being a King of a very different Difpofition from that of Malcolm, no wonder that Peace was not long coutinu'd betwixt them. For the English King had no regard to Religion or Religious Persons: Whereas Malcolm was fincerely Religious and Devout. K. William immediately after his Acceffion to the Throne,made a Breach with Malcolm, invaded Northumberland, took the Caftle of Alnwick,and put the whole Garison to the Sword. Whereupon King Malcolm march'd with an Army into Northumberland,laid Siege to the forefaid Caftle,newly Garifon'd with English,and oblig'd them to Capitulate:But as they were delivering him the Keys upon the point of a Spear, the Soldier,who offer'd them,run him in at the Eye,kill'd him,and made his escape to the Caftle. Some think, that this Soldier, from this Action, was call'd Pierce Eye, and was the First of the Noble Family of the Percy's in England. But the Saxon Chronicle () calls him, who kill'd King Malcolm, Morlæus de Babbaburch. Edward, King Malcolm's Eldeft Son, endeavouring to revenge his Father's Death, receiv'd a Wound, of which he shortly after Died, and the Army return'd to Scotland. Fordon gives us the following Elegy upon King Malcolm's Death.

Ter deca quinque valens Annis & Menfibus octo,
Malcolmus fanctus Rex erat in Scotia.

Anglorum gladiis in Bello fternitur Hæres,
Hic Rex in Scotia primus bumatus erat.

T 2

Where

() Ad An. 1093.

Here he is faid to be the First King that was Buried in Scotland; because all the reft were Buried at Colmkyl. The Generality of our Hiftorians place his Death in the Year of our Lord 1097, in the Thirty Sixth Year of his Reign. He was Buried First at Tinmouth; but afterwards was tranfported to Dunfermling.

This Prince was of a Stature beyond the Common Size of Men, and had a large big Head; for which he was call'd Malcolm Canmoir, or Malcolm with the Great Head. When he was in his Banishment, if we may believe Marianus Scotus, he went to Rome, where he gave early Proofs of his Generofity and Devotion. In the Peaceable Intervals of his Reign, he caus'd Re-edify the Churches that had been Ruin'd by the Wars; founded the Two Bishopricks of Murthlack and Cathness; endow'd the reft with feveral Lands and Revenues; built feveral Churches, amongst which, were the Cathedrals of Dunfermling and Durham; and led a most Christian and Exemplary Life before his Subjects: And all the French Hiftorians fay, that when the Chriftian Princes join'd in the Holy War against the Turks, he was not deficient in sending a Proportionable Quota of Men. As he was confpicuous for his Piety, fo he was no less noticeable for his Valour and Conduct in Arms: And his Perfonal Courage was fo extraordinary, that being inform'd, that one of his Nobles was defigning to Affaffinate him, as he was at the Hunting, he call'd this Nobleman afide, and going into a Wood, when they were all alone, told him, how he had got Notice of his Defign; and defir'd him to draw his Sword, fince they were both Arm'd, and to try if he could obtain that by Valour, which he intended by Treachery. He spoke this with fuch a Prefence of Mind, that the Confpirator trembling fell at his Feet, and begg'd his Life of him, which he generously granted. He was Bless'd with a Numerous Iffue, as I have shown in the Life of his Queen.

Our Hiftorians fay, that this King, when Prince Edgar's Friends came to him from England and Hungary, call'd the French to his Affiftance,and gave many of them Lands and Dignities, from whom are defcended most of our Ancient Families: Amongst these, they mention, from England, Caulder, Lockart, Seyon, Lauder, Wawan, Meldrum, Schaw, Leirmouth, Libertoun, Wachop, Strachquen, Cargill, Ratry, Dundas, Cockburn, Mirtoun, Inglis, Menzies, Abercrumy, Lefly, Cuilra, Mar, Lindsay, Waus, Ramfay, Loual, Towers, Preftoun, Sandelandis, Biffart, Fowlis, Wardlam, Maxwel; from Hungary, Creichton, Fotringham, Giffart, Meluil Borthwik, Manlis; from France, Gordon,Frafeir, Sinclare, Bofwel, Mowtray, Montgumery, Campbel, Boyis, Betoun, Tailzefer, Bothwel, Brife and Montetb.

To Malcolm fucceeded his Son Edgar. But, he being Young, his Uncle Donald fent Word to the King of Norway,that if he would affift him in obtaining the Crown of Scotland, he should let him have the Western Ilands for his Reward. Whereupon, by the Affiftance of the Norwegians, he gets together an Army, comes to Scone, and is declar'd King, under the Name of King DONALD VI. Upon this, Edgar, with his Brethren and Sifters, fled into England, where they ftaid with their Uncle, Edgar, by the Mother's Side, Six Months. Thereafter Duncan, a Baftard Son of King Malcolm, being affifted with fome Soldiers given him by King Rufus, under whom he had ferv'd for fome time, march'd