found, what proportion in value will her exporta- dom were mostly poor, ill built, small and thin of ble produce bear to the manufactures received? people; and reflecting that the province of Flanders With the most fortunate trade, a frightful balance particularly, was thereby become so opulent and would remain to be discharged in gold and silver. potent as to be a dangerous neighbor to England, Confining our views to the western country, we more especially when in alliance with France, he might emphatically ask, with what exportable com- determined to attempt the removal of every obstacle modities shall we restore the balance of trade, now in order to attain the same benefits and advantages fast accumulating against us? How arrest the to himself and people

incessant drain of our capital? Our manufactures At this period the city of Bruges was arrived to are perishing around us, and already millions have such a pitch of grandeur and wealth by its manu escaped, never to return. factures and commerce, that the king of France, beIn the remarks of the committee thus far, the ing here with his queen, they were both astonished certainty of a foreign market has been conceded: at the magnificence and riches of that city. The but the slightest reflection will convince us that ladies of Bruges put her majesty out of all patience this is a resource of the most precarious kind. to see how splendidly they were decked with jewels The agriculture of Europe is fully adequate to the and rich attire, so that she broke out into this passubsistence of her population, and it is only in times sionate speech: "I had thought, that I was the of war or cumpropitious seasons, that a market is only queen here, but I find there are above six hunopened there. In the West Indies our hopes and dred (besides myself) queens in this city." fortunes are the sport of chance, and fluctuate with King Edward, pursuing the policy he had so the caprice of European tyrants or colonial govern-earnestly adopted, granted a letter of protection

ors.

These considerations abundantly show that to John Kemp of Flanders, a woolen cloth weaver, a föreign market cannot be relied on-that it is an coming over to exercise his trade in England, in object of the most changeful and illusive character. the year 1331, and as his protection expresses it, In time of general war in Europe the demand for "to teach his trade to such of our people as shall our produce, and especially the carrying trade, gave incline to learn it. The king hereby taking the encouragement to the interior and commercial in- said Kemp with all his servants, apprentices, goods dustry of the United States. Satisfied with the and chattels, into his royal protection, and propresent good, the certainty of future evil was not mising the same likewise to all others of his occuregarded, and every plan of private enterprise pation, as also to all dyers and fullers who shall and maxim of political economy had an exclusive incline to come and settle in England. In conse relation to the existing state of things. Our go- quence thereof, seventy families of Walloons were verninent and country seemed to think (and they this year brought over to England by the invitacertainly acted) as if the war in Europe, which had tion of the king, for promoting the woolen manulasted so long, would last for ever. With the re- facture, and teaching it to the people." turn of peace, these habits and opinions are not Similar protections were afterwards granted and changed. All the arguments against manufactures other woolen manufacturers were induced thereby are still predicated upon the existence and con- to carry on their business in England. Six years tinnance of a foreign market, a privilege resulting after the first fine-cloth weaver was brought into from the pressure of war, and consequently unna England, a parliament was summoned, and at the tural and transitory.

instance of the king, it was enacted "that no Eng

The plans of every wise government, are the re-lish wool should be exported under pain of forsult of enlarged and comprehensive views of the feiture of life and member till otherwise ordained; future and the past. They have an inherent stabi- that all cloth-workers should be received from any lity adapted to every vicissitude of peace and war. foreign parts, and fit places assigned, with as many A shifting changeful policy, which follows the for- and such franchises as might satisfy them, and a tunes of other nations, and becomes the slave of certain allowance made them till they were fixed accidental emergencies, is the reverse of wisdom. in some competent way of living; that none should Shall the prosperity of the United States, be for- wear any cloth in future but such as was made in ever staked upon the chance of European wars? England, except the king, queen, and their children; A nation merely agricultural was never rich; and, and that no foreign cloth should be imported on on the contrary, there have been nations of very pain of forfeiture and other punishment." Under slender agriculture, possessing immense wealth; such encouragement it was not long before the whose industry and manufactures enabled them to woolen manufacture spread into many parts of En Engpush their commerce into every sea, and carry the land. Several of the citizens of Bristol, immediately terror of their arms to the remotest regions of the after the act of parliament was passed, set up looms globe. These facts are confirmed by every page for weaving cloth, which example was afterwards of history; and a slight recurrence to the rise and followed by some of the neighboring counties. growth of manufactures, in some of the kingdoms "The establishment of woolen manufactures in of Europe, will place them in a clear and striking England did, without doubt, at first diminish the point of view. "Until the reign of Edward HI." king's customs, because all the wool of the homesays Anderson, "England had no manufactures for made cloth was used to be exported, on which a exportation; that king's revenues, were, therefore, considerable custom was paid, as did also the cloth comparatively very inconsiderable, for in the 22d brought back in return from the Netherlands."year of his reign, (1328,) when, in a hot war with And. His. Com. But we find that in the year 1354 the France, the whole subsidy on wool exported, at general balance of the commerce of England, then 40 shillings a sack, (a very heavy tax) was but in its infancy, was nearly eight hundred thousand 60,000 pounds. This king, attentively observing pounds of her present sterling currency. Upon the great benefits accruing to the Netherlands, which "noble balance" sir William Temple observed, from their vast woolen manufactures, and that they "that there must have entered into England during owed all their wealth and power, entirely to Eng- this year, either in coin or bullion, or else, which lish wool:-viewing also the beauty, populousness, is the same thing, their must have grown a debt to opulence and strength, of their cities, and wealth the nation of just so much as that balance amounted even of their villages, whilst those of his own king-to." At this time England had began to send coarse woolens abroad; for among the exports of this year we find 4,774 coarse cloths, and 80,061 peices of worsted. The manufactures of silk, cot ton, linen, iron, &c. &c. were then unknown in England. Her commerce had scarcely reached the Baltic sea, and few of her ships had ever appeared in the Mediterrannean.

observes, "these new manufactures of France, and more especially that of silk, afterwards drew wealth into the kingdom."

"The king saw (1603) that it was in vain to prohibit the exportation of gold and silver, unless those things were made and improved at home, the want of which had hitherto principally occasioned the said exportation; that the wearing of silk clothing

use

All English writers agree that the preasent astonishing wealth and grandeur of that nation are to was, in his time, become so common, more especibe traced back to these small beginnings. "It is ally among the fair sex, that they despised the her manufactures, say they, which have brought of woolen, so universally and frugally worn by their England to her unrivalled opulence and power." ancestors; and that hereby much money was sent When Edward III. began his reign, the wealth of out of the kingdom, for the purchase of wrought England consisted in cattle, sheep, and the pro-silk. Wherefore, the king, not only set about the ducts of a rudely cultivated soil. The English propogating of the worms for the spinning of raw were poor, ignorant, and servile. The Netherlands, silk, but, which was the greater benefit to the pub. in extent but a speck upon the map of Europe, and lic, the manufacturing of the same. The king, also, whose natural products were very inconsiderable, procured workmen from Flanders, for a tapestry by her woolen manufactures alone, attained to such manufacture, in which country it had long flourisha height of opulence that some of her private citizens, ed. The manufacture of fine earthen-ware he intro. in their treasures and equipage equalled the great- duced also into France from the Netherlands. He est monarchs of the surrounding nations. No soon revived the glass-houses, which had been first set er were the woolen manufactures naturalized in up in king Henry the second's time, in imitation of England, and guarded by the strong arm of govern-those at Venice. He also established a linen manument, than similar effects began to be witnessed facture. That the king's magnificent improvements there. England gradually emerged from poverty and in buildings, gardens, &c. were suitable to his great ignorance, to wealth, knowledge and splendor. genius. He also made rivers navigable, &c."-And. The history of all nations demonstrates that ma- Hist. Com. nufactures have been the inseparable allies of "In the year 1606, he set up in divers parts of the wealth and power. kingdom, the manufacture of tapestries, gilt leather, constitute an epocha in the rise and fall of cities hangings, mills for working and cleaning iron, gauzes and nations. The vast capital and power recently and fine linen cloth, potters' or fine earthen-ware, possessed by Holland may be traced back to the glass-houses for chrystaline, cloth and serges, stuffs dawn of her manufactures. "By reason of the tu- and silks, with several others."-And. Hist. Com. mults and discontents occasioned by restrictions Examples, like the foregoing, might be cited from and taxes upon the manufactures in the towns of all the enlightened and wealthy nations of Europe, Flanders and Brabant, many of the manufacturers of but a further reference is deemed unnecessary. those towns, says Pensionary De Witt, removed soon The history of Spain furnishes an instructive lesafter the year 1300 to Holland, whereby the towns son to all nations on the subjeet of manufactures, of the Hollanders increased in greatness and num- and shows that the want of them is not compensated ber of inhabitants."

Their prosperity or declension

by the highest natural advantages of soil and cli

In the year 1380, Louvain, a great, flourishing mate, and the greatest resources in colonies and and populous city, was ruined by an insurrection of mines of the precious metals. "From the year 1493 the journeymen weavers against their sovereign, the to the year 1724, the gold and silver brought into duke of Brabant; who having besieged the revolt- Spain from the Indies is computed to have amounters, obliged them to submit to his mercy, and the ed to 5,000,000,000 of dollars; being above twentymedium; yet all greatest part of them were banished-many of them one millions and a half yearly, on a settled in Hol Holland, and some in England; where this treasure necessarily goes out every year to other they were kindly treated, and contributed to the European nations for the manufactures and produce improvement of the woolen manufacture in both of those nations with which Spain and its Indies are countries. "From this time," says Anderson, "Lou-supplied in immense quantities. Some have been vain was never able to recover its former lustre and of opinion, that it would have been happier for Spain riches, being at this day famous for nothing but if she had never planted in America, unless she had, good beer." The history of Venice, Florence, Genoa at the same time, cultivated manufactures of all and Lyons, exhibits the same picture and establish- kinds." es the same conclusions. Manufactures and the arts We often hear it urged, that prohibitions and have invariably been the handmaids of wealth, com-heavy import duties, are calculated to control and merce and power. change the course of private enterprize which had They have been fostered by every wise government better be left to the direction of private interest, and with paternal care, and most of the distinguished that in effect they sacrifice the general interests of reigns in Europe have been characterized by their the community, to the partial interests of a few in

encouragement.

dividuals.

In the year 1599, king Henry the IV. of France, As to prohibitions and duties, the committee would prohibited, by a special edict, all foreign manufac-observe, that the value and importance of manufactures, as well of silk, as of gold or silver, pure or tures, in a national point of view, are acknowledged mixed, at the request of the merchants of Tours, by all. It is also admitted, that they have seldom, who undertook to make quantities of such manufac- if ever, succeeded without the aid and protection tures, sufficient for the whole kingdom. Yet, grasp of government. The committee will not attempt a ing at more than they could perform, and being also refutation of the subtleties of abstract speculatists, complained of by the city of Lyons, justly styled as to the justice or expediency of such aid and pro(on account of its manufactures) the golden gate of tection. It will be sufficient for them to refer to France, as thereby destroying their famous fairs, the practice of the most wealthy and powerful naas well as lessening the king's customs, that edict tions in the world for a test of their utility. Engin favor of Tours, was revoked. Yet, as Puffendorf land, in almost all cases, prohibits under severo-penalties, the exportation of all her raw materials for The population of the country will be condensed manufactures She also prohibits directly, or by and the chances of civilization and improvement excessive duties, the importation of almost every ar- greatly multiplied; science, literature and the arts ticle of manufacture, the raw materials whereof she have never taken deep root among a thinly scattered possesses within herself, or is able to procure from people.

of her

other nations. Her laws, on these subjects, are The prevalence of manufactures would also amematters of curious research; and the progress of her liorate the agriculture of the country-the proximi, manufactures may be traced in her penat statutes. ty of a market for its products giving a stimulus Some branches were introduced originally by the to industry by increasing its reward. Hitherto the power of government alone. Others, while in an want of good roads and canals has retarded the incipient state, were fostered and guarded by its growth and improvement of many sections of the care. England never suffered a foreign government, inland country. By manufactures a vast interior or a combination of foreign capitalists, by glutting commerce will be brought into action; and roads her own market, to crush in the cradle, any branch and canals, affording new facilities to its prosecudomestic industry. She never regarded, with tion, will not be delayed. Viewing the subject of a cold indifference, the ruin of thousands of her in- manufactures in this point of light, the declamation dustrious people, by the competition of foreigners. so often heard, against taxing the farmer, by excesThe bare avowal of such an attempt would have in- sive import duties, and compelling him to purchase curred the indignant resistance of the whole body at the dearest market, loses all its force. If by maof the nation, and met the frowns, if not the instant nufactures, and interior commerce, the value of his vengeance of the government. The consequence of products, and consequently his means of payment, this policy in England are well known; her manu are doubled-if his money be retained in the genefactures have become a source of wealth incalcula-ral stock of currency, instead of being sent abroad ble; the treasures of Spanish America are poured -if his comforts are augmented, and his land vastly into her lap; her commerce is spread over every appreciated-if his country be disburdened of her ocean, and with a population comparatively small, load of foreign debt, and her independence fixed on she is the terror and the spoiler of Europe. Take the deep and solid basis of her own resources, a from England her manufactures and the fountains of trifling addition to the price of his clothing, and her wealth would be broken up; her pre-eminence other necessaries would not be regarded. Of what among nations would he lost forever.

two

benefit is a depreciation of price, if it brings a Similar consequences have flowed from like causes fold depreciation of the means of payment? But the in all the opulent nations of Europe. The history objection, noticed above, taken in its most plausiof the Netherlands, Holland and France, all concur ble aspect, applies merely to the infant state of in the same result; when the energies of the govern- manufactures; their patronage would soon command ment were strongly exerted in the patronage of artists, capital and skill-their growth maturity, manufactures, the nation prospered; when manu- and competition would reduce the prices of their factures were neglected, the nation declined. Such products.

examples are fraught with wisdom and instruction The committee, in attending to the subject of to ourselves. Of what moment are untried theories, their appointment, have been led to a cursory exawhen opposed by the experience of age?

mination of the tariff of duties, established during

If the United States in their trade, as well as geo- the late session of congress. They find that the graphical position, were detached from all other duty on flint glass, which was formerly 22, is now nations, private industry might be safely left to the but 20 per cent. Congress have also declared that guidance of private interest. Rut such is not the cotton cloths, or cloths of which cotton is the macase; we constitute a branch of the community of terial of chief value, (except naukeens imported dinations, and are necessarily affected by the policy rect from China) the original cost of which at the of other countries. England, with whom our deal place whence imported, with the addition of 20 per ings are most extensive, sells but never buys her cent. if imported from the Cape of Good Hope, or manufactures-the means by which they are sup- from places beyond it, and 10 per cent. from any ported, are calculated to prostrate all rivalship on other place, shall be less than 25 cents per square our part. England impedes the enterprize of Ame-yard, shall, with such addition, be deemed and rican citizens; she controls and directs the pursuits taken to have cost 25 cents per square yard, and of private industry among ourselves; her interfer- shall be charged with duty accordingly, twenty-five ence extends to every field and workshop in Ame per cent.

rica; we suffer the ardor of genius and the vigor of They will now turn, for a moment, to the proexertion to he smothered and deadened by it. Re-gress and patronage of the cotton manufacture in move this baneful interference, or restrict it so as England. In 1787 there were built, and in progress to be harmless, and the interior trade and industry in Great Britain 143 cotton mills, and 20,500 jennieş of Americans may be safely left to themselves. The for spinning; the shute for the twisted yarn spun by free and unrestrained scope to private enterprize, the watermills. The expence of the mills, jennies, which is so strongly insisted on by those who de houses, buildings and auxiliary machinery was esti precate the patronage of government to manufac-mated at 1,000,000 pounds. In the branches applitures, is the weightiest argument to prove its ne- cable to muslin and calico, employment was given cessity. The government must go so far at least, to 100,000 men and women, and to 60,000 children, as to countervail the checks to American enterprize many of the latter taken from the parishes and hosproceeding from foreign nations.

pitals. But notwithstanding the great maturity and

The establishment of manufactures, instead of perfection to which this manufacture had attained producing a partial benefit to individuals, to the in England at the period of which we speak, it was prejudice of the rest of the community, would evi- suddenly checked by the competition of East-India dently add to the comforts and the wealth of all. A goods of the same species, imported by the Eastfew years of competion, amongst themselves, would India Company, and sold about 20 per cent, on an avefix the prices of their products upon a fair and a rea-rage, under the lowest prices at which the British sonable scale. manufacturers could afford to sell without loss

goods

E. DENNY, Chairman.

Anderson observes, (1787) "such conduct in the mines of America ever produced in the same time. company," (all Englishmen) "must operate to the Resolved, That the citizens of Pittsburg, in a very great prejudice of the British manufactures, town-meeting assembled, do approve of the foreand will continue to do so while they press going report and that the committee be requested upon the market at prices which have no relation to to transmit a copy of the same to the speaker of the the original cost, and under circumstances when the house of representatives of the congress of the just laws of competition cannot operate, and when United States. every idea of protecting duties is annihilated in the general system." "It appears, therefore," says he, "that unless some relief is given, perh. ps little short of one half of the present mechanical powers now in action must cease working." It will be kept in mind that the East-India goods were imported from British provinces by British subjects. We will now see what measures were adopted by the British government for the protection of the cotton manufac

at which go

(Attest)

E. PENTLAND, secretary.

Foreign Articles.

ENGLAND, &C.

The debate in the house of commons for sustures in England. In the same year, (1787) an act pending the habeas corpus, together with the reof parliament was passed, "imposing a duty of fifty ports of the secret committees, would make us bepounds for every hundred pounds of the true value lieve that a revolution was actually contemplated in of East-India cotton manufactures, according to the Great Britain by a very considerable portion of the gross price were goods sold at the public people. Those in power give it as their opinion that sales of the company trading to the East-Indies." designs designs destructive of the constitution are still exIn 1798 this duty was increased to one-hundred and tending; but this is believed by many to be only a twenty-two pounds, four shillings and five pence, stratagem to get greater power into their hands, to for every hundred pounds of the original cost, as enable them to pursue their iniquitous courses.abovementioned. Such duties were necssary for The ministerial papers are doing all that they can the protection of British manufactures against a to alarm the people-France and the French, tricalored cockades and committees of public safety, are competition from their own provinces; and this too it is said, are when they had been brought to the utmost possible spoken of in almost every line. Arms, perfection. Our government protects our own in- still sought for, the clubs are multiplying, the lists fant manufactures against British competition by a of proscription filed up, &c. But the report of duty of twenty-five per cent. Further time would the committee inserted below is full on these sub. enable the committee to extend their animadver-jects. sions upon the tariff; but its defects are known and It may be, that there is cause for this alarm-if proved by the present condition of the manufactures which it affected to assist.

so, we hope it will go on to a thorough reformation of the governing power in Great Britain.

Strong and imperious reasons for the encourage- A bill for the suspension of the Habeas Corpus ment of manufactures are suggested by the state passed parliament on the 4th of March-but at our of our foreign trade. In the year 1815, the gene last advices had not received the royal sanction. It ral balance against us amounted to seventeen mil was introduced by Castlereagh, and passed the tions of dollars; a sum nearly equal to the annual commons 273 to 98. The city of London had remonproduce of all the mines of Spanish America within strated against it. In the house of lords a number the period before noticed. It would give us plea-protested against it. sure if the friends of commerce, and enemies of The debates about reform go on with pretty semanufactures, would inform us by what means vere cuttings in the British parliament. They will accumulating balance is to be discharged; suppose amount to nothing. The people have no chance of the country were now called on to pay it? sudden regaining their rights but in the same manner that and inevitable bankruptcy would ensue. Such is they were deprived of them-which is, by the the awful predicament in which we awaken from sword. Those considered as friendly to reform are the golden dreams of British trade! Plunged into in-divided among themselves as to the extent they extricable debt; the interior energies of the country would give it. our manufactures sinking into annihila

this

a mil

The petitions to parliament for reform, presented paralyzed; tion, and poverty and misery staring us in the face! by sir Francis Burdett, are said to have had For a speedy redress of such pressing evils, we lion of signatures. The funds continue to rise-3 look to the government of the union. Will they per cent. cons. March 6, 69 3-8.

uphold the sinking manufactures of the country, or The customs produced for the month expiring on will they not? are their late assurances of aid and the 5th February, were 6,8841. sterling above that protection forgotten with the crisis that gave them of the same month last year, but was 60,5751. sterbirth? Let them realize the hopes of the country, ling below that of 1815.

and act with decision before it be too late.

The expences of the British army in France for one year is estimated at 1,030,6031. sterling.

Dr. Watson and five other persons have been arrested and committed to different apartments of the tower, as having been concerned in some of the late

Note-The annual products of the undermention ed manufactures in Great Britain, in 1783, was estimated at fifty-one millions three hundred and ten thousand pounds sterling, viz:--wool, leather, flax, hemp, glass, paper, porcelain, silk, cotton, lead, tin, riots. 10,000 British troops, one-third of their army of iron, steel, plating, &c. The above sum when turned in American currency, is 232 million dollars; an occupation, arrived in England from France on the amount ten times as great as that produced by the 24th of February. mines of Spanish America at the period mentioned The number of persons on the half-pay list in the in the foregoing report. army and navy is about 100,000, of whom about

The value of the cotton manufactures alone, in 56,000 belong to the former. The half-pay and pen1787, was seven millions three hundred thousand sions for the army and navy cost the nation nearly pounds sterling; a sum probably greater than the 4,500,000£. per annum. It is supposed that the

dearhs.

number will decrease at the rate of 2,000 a year, by and foment the discontents of the metropolis and its vicinity; and that reports of their proceedings were The charges for the army and navy, barracks, ex- made by the individual delegates to the general gen traordinaries, ordnance and miscellaneous services, body. after all the talk d-of reductions, will amount to That it appears to your committee that a plan was about 18,500,000 for the present year. Besides formed, by a sudden rising in the dead of night, to which there is the civil list and many et ceteras surprise the soldiers, and in the terror which would

Castlereaga has been sick-but was recovering. be thereby occasioned, to set fire to the town in Cattle-180 head of cattle (one-third of them various places, and to take possession of the baryearlings and calves) bred by a Mr. Price, near racks, the tower and the bank. That to assist in Upton, sold for the enormous sum of 7,600l. One the execution of this project, a formidable machine was invented with which the streets could be clearyearling bull for 3411. 58. a heifer for 2521.

House of commons, Feb. 19. Report of the commit- ed of all opposing force. This plan was, however, tee of secrecy. That it appears to your committee, relinquished as premature; and it was resolved that after a most attentive consideration of the docu it would be more proper to ascertain the strength ments submitted to them from various parts of the of the popular party, by convening meetings under country, that attempts had recently been made to the pretext of taking into consideration the legal take advantage of the distresses of the laboring mode of redressing grievances; and a map of Lonand manufacturing classes of the nation, with a don having been examined, Spa fields was selected view not only to effect a parliamentary reform on whence an attack on the bank and the tower could, the principle of annual parliaments and universal with the greatest facility be made. That the first suffrage, but to cause the total overthrow of all meeting at Spa-fields was accordingly advertised for our institutions, and of every description of landed

and funded property.

the 15th of November, and that printed and written placards were exhibited in all parts of the town, of one of which the following is a copy:

That this system of general spoiliation chiefly proceeded from the doctrines maintained by a number of societies distinguished by the title of "Spen cean," whose tenets were principally drawn from the works of a visionary writer, published above twenty years ago. That at meetings of these soci eties it was urged, that parliamentary reform must they are only useless lumber.

"Britons to arms! The whole country only waits the signal from London. Break open the gunsmiths. Arm yourselves with all sorts of instruments. No. rise in the price of bread. No regent. No Castlereagh. Off with their heads! No taxes. No bishops;

be held out as the ostensible object of their efforts, N. B-5000 of these bills are posted up in the and with a view to mislead their enemies, but that town, and in the principal parts of the neighborit was in fact only a half measure; and that the hood."

people ought to look to the possession of the land, That the intended insurrection assumed all the and nothing short of that; and that as to the con- symbols of the French revolution. That a commitstitution, of which so much had been said, this tee of public safety was formed, consisting of twencountry had no constitution, for it was not to be ty four members. That flags and cockades were found in any book, nor could any man tell what it prepared for the occasion. But that on the 15th was. In other societies, founded on the Spencean of November, when the first meeting took place, principles, it had been maintained that the only re- there was no violence (although there was some medy for the grievances of the people was, to hunt plunder in the evening of the day) and that the down the land-owners, and to deprive those still meeting adjourned to the 2d of December, by which greater wretches, the furrd holders, of their pretend-time it was hoped means might be found to acceleed rights. rate the accomplishment of the projected undertak

It appeared also, that these, and other societies ing.

of a similar character, had been guilty of the most That your committee find that not a moment was blasphemous and impious proceedings; and that as lost in the interval between the first and second they assumed to be of a convivial nature, their poli- meeting, to take advantage of every circumstance tical discussions were followed by songs of the most which could further the attainment of the objects inflammatory and seditious description, and by the in view. Additional publications, of an inflammarecitation of profane parodies of the liturgy, and of tory nature, were circulated every where. Endea

various parts of the holy scriptures.

That in order to extend the principles of these societies over the whole kingdom, the most active efforts were made by their various members; and

vors were made to raise a general subscription for the support of those who had relinquished their ordinary occupations, to enable them to devote themselves to those purposes, which persons had

in consequence, those principles were disseminated hitherto chiefly been paid by a principal member of

in speeches at the public meetings to the discharged soldiers and sailors, and to the distressed laborers and manufacturers of the country; and that, in aid of this object, incredible activity had been used to disperse cheap, and in many instances gratuitous, publications, unfolding the doctrines of the socie ties.

That it had been proved to the entire satisfaction

one of the societies. A plan was formed for the seduction of the soldiers, by raising hopes of promo. tion in the event of their joining in the approaching attempt, and exciting discontent among them by a story of the landing of a large foreign force in the country. It was again recommended that the barracks should be the object of particular observation-Those quarters of the town, where distress

of your committee, that a number of the members was most prevalent, were visited by individuals apof the various societies, acting in a body as dele- pointed to inflame the people. Those warehouses gates, conceived and declared, that in their opinion along the river, and those shops in various parts of the objects which they had in view, might be, and the town, where arms were deposited, were careought to be, insured by an effort of the physical fully noted. A plan was also formed for the seducstrength of the people to overpower the constitution of the sailors, by offering them additional pay, tional authorities. That they considered the first under the new government which was about to be. step which should be taken by by them for this pur established. pose, was by their individual exertions to discover

That immediately before the meeting of the 2d