tem. Whenever restore harmony, health and vigor to our own sys- States a vast and increasing amount of fragments of our government protects us opinion and correct knowledge. Light is widely against foreign interference and foreign competi spread and still spreading through every part of our tion, we will petition them to "let our labor alone." land, and through every occupation. It appears to Resolved, That as we believe, the preceding pro- us very important that measures should be taken, positions are clearly founded in truth, and that the without delay, to concentrate these opinions and this United States of America is on the verge of a crisis knowledge into one clear, distinct, loud and emphain which, if we do not avail ourselves of a prudent tic expression of the public will, addressed to conforesight, we shall be taught through extensive gress at their next session, accompanied with a body suffering that we must so far supply our own wants of facts, and remarks, so complete and so lucidly arfrom our own internal labor, as to need no more ranged, as to dissipate doubt and enforce conviction. from foreign nations than they need from us. If we We apprehend that, as the cause is common to eveneed less, we shall have opened for ourselves a mine ry part of the nation, the measures proposed would of wealth, richer than those of Mexico and Peru. receive their best form and direction in a convention Resolved, That as the natural effect of free govern- of delegates from the several societies. Should you ment, there is so much good sense in the people of concur in the measure, and such a convention be the United States that they will not long remain formed, how soon would it be practicable for it to ignorant of their true interests that the prejudices, meet at New-York or Philadelphia? If any thing is fabricated and circulated by self-interested men- to be done, in this way, that it ought to be commencsuch as that we wish to tax the great mass of our ed quickly is, we think, very obvious citizens employed in agriculture, to place in a hotbed, and make the fortunes of those engaged in manufactures-will be dissipated like morning mists before the sun. Yet the noblest birth requires aid, and infancy requires fostering care: Therefore Resolved, That this society will unite its efforts Signed by order and on behalf of the committee, Land Offices. with those of similar societies, who may concur in CIRCULAR TO THE REGISTERS OF THE LAND OFFICES OF THE UNITED STATES. General Land Office, April 29, 1817. SIR-You will receive, with this, several blank forms of a Meteorological Register, to which I beg leave to request your attention. The United States have already established twen the measure, to collect and embody a statistical account of our manufactures and of our industry generally, with such remarks and observations on political economy, as may bring the subject fully and ef. fectually before congress at their next session, accompanied by the emphatic voice of the people-a voice which, in our country, never speaks in vain: ty land-offices, viz: at Detroit, in Michigan, at WoosAnd that this society will appoint one or more de. ter, Steubenville, Marietta, Zanesville, Chilicothe, legates, to meet, in convention, at the city of Wash- and Cincinnati, in Ohio; at Jeffersonville, and Vinington, during the next session of congress, or at cennes, in Indiana; at Kaskaskia, Shawneetown, and any other time and place, such delegates as may be Edwardsville, in Illinois; at Saint Louis, in Missouri; appointed by other similar societies. Resolved, That the president sign these resolu. tions, attested by the secretaries; and that the corresponding committee be and they are hereby requested and enjoined to have printed five hundred copies, to communicate them to all similar societies of which they may have knowledge, and otherwise disseminate or dispose of the same, in such manner as they may deem most conducive to the objects of this society. E. I. DUPONT, Vice-President. SELLECK OSBORN, Secretary. CIRCULAR. Wilmington, (Del. ) April 17, 1817. The committee of correspondence of the Society of the state of Delaware for the promotion of American manufactures, having been enjoined to communicate the enclosed resolutions-in the fulfilment of that duty, respectfully offer them to your consideration, together with the following remarks. in Louisiana; phens, in the from the at New-Orleans, Opelousas, and north of Red river, 1. The time of the unfolding of the leaves of plants. 2. The time of flowering. 3. The migration of birds, whether from the norile or south, particularly of swallows. ocean, or other places tion of spawn. 5. The hybernation of other animals, the time of their going into winter quarters, and their re-appearance in the spring. The subject of internal economy has become very interesting to the people of the United States. Our 6. The phænomena of unusual rains and inundaembarrassments already make us feel; and we shall feel more and more. This feeling while it awakens tions. attention, should excite enquiry into the causes of 7. The phænomena of unusually severe droughts. our distress, until we are impelled to seek remedies The history of locusts and other insects in unusual for past, and, taught by experience, to establish pre-numbers. ventive guards against future errors. No class of people in our country is more deeply concerned in these inquiries than the cultivators of the soil; and nadoes-their courses, extent and duration. although the evil may reach them later than their less favored brethren, the manufacturers, yet the calamity will finally be felt pressing on them, with lakes to the gulf of a certain and destructive weight, and crushing down Mississippi, with the Ohio, Missauri, Tennessee, Red their energies. There exists already in the United (river, = 10. All facts concerning earthquakes and subter- For building piers in the Delaware at Chesranean changes. ter, 11. Concerning epidemic and epizootic distem- Improving the navigation of Big Mahoning pers. creek. 12. The fall of stones, or other bodies, from the Red bank creek, atmosphere. Meteors, their direction, apparent Toby's creek, velocity, &c. and, particularly, the interval between Conemaugh, their apparent explosion and the hearing the re port 13 Discoveries relative to the antiquities of the country. 14. Memorable facts as to the topography of the country. A notice of any, or all, of the above articles will be highly acceptable. I wish you to transmit your observations monthly, with your monthly official returns. Whatever information may be thus obtained will be public property. My only object being the increase of our physical knowledge of our country, I flatter myself you will not think my request unreasonable. I have the honor to be, very respectfully yours, To the register of the land office at Pennsylvania Policy. Abstract of the general appropriation bills. FROM THE DOWNINGSTOWN REPUBLICAN, During the last session of the legislature, a law passed making the following appropriations. Road from Frankstown in Huntingdon, to Road from the north line of the state, in Road from Blair's Gap to the Western boun- Road from the White Deer mountain through Road from Carlisle to Littleton, between Road from Strasburg to the top of the se- 8,000 800 1,000 200 1,500 1,500 3,000 2,000 3,000 500 500 400 1,600 200 Road from Indiana to Pittsburg. 500 ghany to Jones' mill in Westmoreland, Road from Mercer to Warren in Ohio, 2,000 1,000 600 1,500 2,000, 300 Improving the big Swatara creek, To aid the turnpike road to Pittsburg, $142,000 Turupike from Reading to Hummelstown, 15,000 to intersect the Springhouse, Northamp- To improve the navigation of the Monon Total, British Statistics. 10,000 $521,104 Abstract of the net produce of the revenue, in the years ending 5th January, 1816, and 5th January, 1817; and also the total produce of the customs and excise. 15,000 gahela, 30,000 Cayuga and Susquehanna turnpike, 6,000 10,000 Year ending Year ending Turnpike from Blueball, through New Hol CUSTOMS. Jan. 5, 1816 Jan. 5, 1817. land, 12,000 Customs, consolidated, £4,891,478 £4,979,154 2,000 Ditto, annual duties, 2,469,144 2,393,201 10,000 Ditto, war taxes, 3,126,900 1,008,366 15,000 appropriated to the interest of loans charged on for the national debt, up to the 5th January, 1817:: them, are included under the head of war taxes, to Total amount purchased for G. Britain the quarter ending the 5th of July, 1816, inclusive, Funded debt of G. Britain in perpetual res from which period the war duties of customs, (being made perpetual by act 56, Geo. III. сар. 29) are included under the head of consolidated cus toms. In account of the number of vessels, with the amount of their tonnage, and the number of men and boys usually employed in navigating the same, which belonged to the several ports of the British empire on the 30th of September, 1816; distinguishing Greut Britain, Ireland and the British plantations in America and the West Indies. Men and boys, Ships. Tonnage. usually employed. England, 17,442 2,152,968 134,060 Scotland, 2,958 263,536 18,775 Ireland, 1,178 63,229 5,681 16,859 Guernsey, 65 7,237 494 Jersey, 77 7,992 Isle of Man, 636 2,315 Treatment of Napoleon Bonaparte. GENERAL-I have received the treaty of the 3d of August, 1815, concluded between his Britannic majesty, the emperor of Austria, the emperor of Russia, and the king of Prussia, which accompanied your letter of the 23d of July. The emperor Napoleon protests against the contents of that treaty; he is not the prisoner of England. After having placed his abdication in the hands of the representatives of the nation for the advan tage of the constitution adopted by the French people, and in favor of his son, he repaired voluntarily and freely to England, with the view of living there, as a private individual, under the protection of the British laws. The violation of every law cannot constitute a right. The person of the emperor Napolion is actually in the power of England, but he neither has been, nor is, in the power of Austria, Russia and Prussia, either in fact or of right, even according to the laws and customs of England, which never included, in the exchange of prisoners, Russians, Prussians, Austrians, Spaniards, or Portuguese, though united to these powers by treaties of alliance and making war conjointly with them. The convention of the second of August, concluded fifteen days after the emperor was in England cannot have a right of any effect. It exhibits only a spectacle of the coalition of the four greatest powTotal ers of Europe for the oppression of a single man!-a Exports. coalition which the opinion of every na ion and all the principles of sound morality equally disavow. 24,446,849 The emperors of Austria and Russia, and the king 19,676,685 of Prussia, having neither in fact or in right any 25,111,445 claim over the person of the emperor Napoleon, 24,847,339 could decide nothing respecting him. Year. £ The records of this year destroyed by fire. recollected the ties of friendship contracted at Til 14,545,933 51,260,467 He would have recollected the conduct of the emperor Napoleon the day after the battle of Austerlitz, when, though he could have made him with, the wreck of his army, prisoner, he contented himself with taking his parole, and allowing him to ope.. rate his retreat. He would have recollected the dangers to which the emperor Napoleon personally exposed himself in order to extinguish the fire at Moscow, and to preserve that capital for him-as suredly, that prince would never have violated the him to consider himself as never having reigned in duties of friendship and gratitude towards a friend in misfortune. lad the person of the emperor Napoleon been in the power of the king of Prussia, that sovereign could not have forgotten that it depended on the emperor, after the battle of Friedland, to place ano ther prince on the throne of Berlin. He would not bave forgotten in the presence of a disarmed enemy, the protestations of attachment and the sentiments of gratitude which he testified to him in 1812 at the interviews in Dresden. France. The reason which determined him not to assume an incognito name, as he might have resolved to do on leaving France, were these: first magistrate for life, of the republic, under the title of first consul, he concluded the preliminaries of London and the treaty of Amiens with the king of Great Britian; and recieved as ambassadors, lord Cornwallis, Mr. Mercy, and lord Whitworth, who resided in that quality at his court. He accredited to the king of England, count Otto and general Andressi, who resided as ambassadors at Windsor. When, after an exchange of letters between the ministers for foreign affairs of the two monarchies, lord Lauderdale came to Paris invested with full powers from the king of England: he treated with the plenipotentiaries possessing full powers from the emperor Napoleon and remained for several months at the court of the Thuilleries; when It accordingly appears from articles 2 and 5, of the treaty of the second of August, that these princes being incapable of exercising any influence over the disposal of the emperor, who was not in their power, accede to what may be done thereon by his Britannic majesty; who takes upon himself the charge of fulfilling every obligation. These princes have reproached the emperor Napoleon with having prefered the English laws to theirs. The lord Castleragh afterwards signed, at Chatillon, the false ideas which the emperor Napoleon had formed ultimatum, which the allied powers presented to of the liberality of the laws England, and of the in- the plenipotentiaries of the emperor Napoleon, he recognized by that the fourth dynasty. This ultimatum was more advantageous than the treaty of Paris, but in exacting that France should renounce Belgium and the left bank of the Rhine, it exacted fluence of the opinion of a great, generous and free people, over their government, decided him to prefer the protection of these laws to that of a fatherin-law or an old friend. The emperor Napoleon had it in his power to what was contrary to the propositions of Frankfort secure, by a diplomatic treaty, whatever was per- and the proclamations of the allied powers-what sonal to himself, by putting himself either at the was contrary to his oath, by which at his coronation head of the army of the Loire, or at the head of the emperor swore to maintain the integrity of the the army of the Gironde, commanded by general empire. The emperor, besides, thought that these Clausel; but wishing, henceforth, for nothing but natural limits were necessary both for the security retirement, and the protection of the laws of a free of France and to preserve the equilibrium of Eustate, either English or American, all stipulations rope; he thought that the French nation in the situ appeared to him unnecessary. He conceived that the English people were more bound by a conduct which was, on bis part, frank, noble, and full of confidence, than they would have been by the most solemn treaties. He had been deceived, but his error will for ever cause true Britons to blush, and will, in the peesent as well as the future generations, be a proof of the bad faith of the English ad ministration. Austrian and Prussian commissioners are arrived at St. Helena. If the object of their mission be the fulfilment of a part of the duties which the emperors of Austria and Russia have contracted by ation in which it was, ought rather to run the hazard of all the chances of war than to depart from that policy; France had obtained this integrity, and would have preserved it with honor, if treason had not arrayed itself in aid of the allies. The treaty of the 2d of August, and the act of the British parliament called the emperor Napoleon -Bonaparte, and gave him only the title of general. The title of general Bonaparte is doubtless eminently glorious-the emperor bore it at Lodi, at Castiglione, at Elvoll, at Arcole, at Leoben, at the Pyramids, at Aboukir; but for seventeen years he has borne that of first consul and emperor, which proves that he has been both first magistrate of the the treaty of the 2d of August, and to take care that republic, and sovereign of the fourth dynasty.the English agents in a small colony in the midst Those who think that nations are flocks which beof the ocean, do not fail in the respect due to a long of divine right in certain families, do not beprince connected with these sovereigns by the long to the age nor do they participate in the spirit bonds of relationship, and so many other ties, proofs of the character which belong to those two monarchs will be recognized in this proceeding; but you sir, have declared that these commissioners have neither the right nor the power of giving any opinion on what may be passing on this rock. The English ministers have caused the emperor Napoleon to be transported to St. Helena, at the distance of 2000 leagues from Europe! This rock, situated within the tropios, and 500 leagues from any continent, is subject to the devouring heats of of the English legislature, which has several times changed the order of its dynasty because great changes had taken place in public opinion, in which the reigning princes not participating, they became enemies to the welfare of the great majority of the nation, for kings are only hereditary magistrates, who exist for the welfare of nations, and not nas tions for the satisfaction of king's. It is in the same hateful spirit that orders have been given that the emperor Napoleon shall not be allowed to write or receive any letters, unless they these latitudes. It is covered with clouds and fogs are opened and read by the English ministers and during three-fourths of the year, and is at once the the officers at St. Helena. They have interdicted most arid and the most humid country in the world. to him the possibility of receiving intelligence from Such a climate is most inimical to the health of the his wife, his mother, his son, or his brothers; and emperor, and hatred must have dictated the choice when in order to avoid the inconvenience of havof this residence, as well as the instructions given ing his letters read by subaltern officers, he wished by the English ministry to the officers commanding to send letters sealed to the prince regent, he was in the island. told that the order could not be departed from, They have even been ordered to call the empe- and that the letters must pass open, such being ror Napoleon, general, as if it were wished to oblige the instructions of the ministry. This conduct needs no observation; it gives rise, however, to barn for the company's farm; the deputy governstrange ideas as to the spirit of the administration or of the island had since built some chambers; it which could dictate what would be disavowed even served him for a country house, but it was not in at Algiers. Letters have arrived at St. Helena, for a proper habitable state; workmen have been emthe officers in the suite of the emperor; they were ployed at it for a year, and the emperor has been broken open and transmitted to you, but you have continually subjected to the inconvenience and Bot communicated them, because they did not insalubrity of inhabiting a house in the progress come through the channel of the English ministry. of building. The chamber in which he sleeps Thus they had to go back 4000 leagues, and these is too small to contain a bed of ordinary dimensions, officers had the grief of knowing, that there was but every alteration at Longwood prolongs the intelligence on the rock, from their wives, their mo-inconvenience of having workmen there. There thers, their children, and that they could not know are, however, in this miserable territory, beautiful the nature of it for six months-the heart must so- situations, presenting fine trees, gardens, and lace itself. good houses. There is besides, Plantation house; They could not obtain either the Morning Chro- but the positive intructions of government fornicle, the Morning Post, or any French journals.- bade you from giving up this house, although Now and then a few stray numbers of the Times much expence would thereby have been saved to reached Longwood. In consequence of a request your government-an expence incurred in fitting made on board the Northumberland, some books up at Longwood a hut, covered with paper, which were sent but all those relative to the affairs of is already unserviceable. late years have been carefully kept back. He wish- You have interedicted all correspondence heed to correspond with a bookseller in London, in tween us and the inhabitants of the island-you order to have direct the books which he wanted, have, in fact, placed the house at Longwood an and those relative to the events of the day-this was secret-you have even prevented any communicaprevented-An English author, having made a tour tion with the officers of the garrison; it seems, to France, and having published an accout of it in therefore, to be your study to deprive us of the London, he took the trouble to transmit it to you, in little resource which this miserable territory aforder that it might be presented to the emperor, fords, and we are here just as we should be on the you thought proper not to transmit it because it was insulted and uninhabited rock of Ascension.--not sent to you by the express desire of your go- During the four months that you have been at St. vernment. It is said also, that other books sent by Helena, you have, sir, rendered the situation of their authors have not been trasmitted, because the emperor much worse. Count Bertrand has some of them were inscribed to the emperor Na- observed to you that you even violate the laws of poleon, and others to Napoleon the Great. The your legislature, and that you trample under foot English ministry is not authorised to order any of the rights of general officers, prisoners of war.these vexations; the law, although unique, by You have replied, that you act according to the which the British parliament regards the emperor letter of your instructions, and that your conduct Napoleon as a prisoner of war, has never prohibit- to us is not worse than what is dictated by them. ed prisoners of war from subscribing to journals or receiving printed books-such a prohibition only takes place in the dungeons of the inquisition. an The island of St. Helena is ten leagues in circumference; it is inaccessible every where; brigs surround the coast; posts are stationed on the shore within sight of each other, which render impracticable any communication with the sea. There is only one small town (James' town,) where there is anchorage, and where vessels touch. To prevent an individual from quitting the island, it is sufficient to guard the shore by land and sea. To lay an interdict on the interior of the island can, therefore, have no other object than to deprive him of a promenade of from eight to ten miles, which it would be possible to make on horse back, and the privation of which will shorten the life of the I have the honor to be, The general Count DE MONTHOLON. After I had signed this letter, I received your's of the 17th August, in which you subjoin the account of an annual sum of 20,000l. sterling, which you consider indispensable for the support of the expences of the establishment at Longwood, after having made all the reductions which you thought possible. We do not think we have any thing to do with the discussion of this point-the table of the emperor is scarcely provided with strict necessaries, and all the provisions are of the worst quality. You ask of the emperor a fund of 12,000l. sterling, as your government will only allow 2,000l. for all the expences. I have already had the emperor. The emperor has been established at honor of informing you that the emperor had no Longwood, exposed to every wind, and where the funds, that for a year past he had neither written land is sterile and uninhabitable, without water, and nor received any letter, and that he is altogether not susceptible of any cultivation. There is a cir- ignorant of what has passed, or is passing in Eucuit marked out of about 1200 toises, at about 11 rope. Transported by force to this rock, without or 1200 distance a camp is established on a hill, and another camp in an opposite position at the same distance; in short, in the midst of the heat of the tropic there is nothing to be seen but camps. Admiral Malcolm having learnt the utility which the emperor would derive from a tent in that situ ation, caused one to be set up by the sailors, at twenty paces distance in front of the house; it was the only place in which a shade could be found.The emperor had as much reason to be satisfied with the spirit that animated the officers and soldiers of the brave 53d regiment, as he had been with the crew of the Northumberland. The house at Longwood was built to serve as a being able to write or to receive any answer, the emperor is entirely at the mercy of the English agents. The emperor has always desired, and is still desirous, to provide himself for all his expences, of whatever nature, and he will do it as soon as you render it possible by taking off the interdiction laid upon the merchants of the island, with regard to his correspondence, and directing that it should not be subjected to any inquisition on your part or by any of your agents. Thenceforth the wants of the emperor would be known in Europe, and those persons who interested themselves in his behalf, might send him the funds necessary to provide for them. |