treachery, had been ordered back, and was still in tee of the legislature "that the state treasury is command of the place. The most sanguinary mea- entiely out of debt, and has a permanent fund of sures were adopted at Angostura in regard to sus- nearly four hundred thousand dollars, besides their pected persons. Eight men were shot at one time great "school fund," the capital of which is ONE about the first of May, on suspicion of being friendly to the revolutionary cause. The forces of the patriots were estimated at from four to six thousand men, all mounted, and they had complete possession of the surrounding country. The Tiger, of Salem, was the only American MILLION FIVE HUNDRED THOUSAND DOLLARS-and the committee add, that on a full examination, they find that the accounts of the state are kept in a correct and perspicuous manner." The Canal Carondole has been completed at New Orleans. It was ascended by a large topsail schooner on the 19th ult. It is spoken of as a very useful with the lakes. vessel at Angostura; she carried out a small quantity work. This canal opens an immediate navigation of provisions, which were immediately taken possession of by the government. The city is now reported as having surrendered to the patriots. [Angostura, is a city in South-America, nearly 400 miles up the river Oronoko. It is the only port of entry on the river. It stands on a high point of land, and commands a beautiful and extensive prospect of the river and country. The place contains about 1000 houses, built of stone. CHRONICLE. Morse's Gaz. It appears that Mr. Bibb has not been appointed governor of the Alabama territory, as was confidently stated. Jeremiah Mason, Esq. (fed.) of New Hampshire, has resigned his seat in the senate of the United States. He will be succeeded by a republican. A drove of cattle has arrived at New-York from Chilicothe, in fine order! An ox, bred at Spring field, Mass. weighs on the hoof, 3,100 lbs. His length from the top of the nose to the root of the tail is 10 feet 7 inches; circumference 8 feet 9 inches. The propriety and practicability of cutting a canal in New Hampshire to connect the waters of lake Winnipisecgee with the Piscataqua, is discussing in the papers of that state. A steam boat plying on the Delaware, between Philadelphia and Burlington, has run the distance (19 miles) between them, in 1 h. 40 m. NAVAL. Washington City, June 23. In addition to the duty of directing the necessary surveys and examinations preparatory to the selection of a suitable site for a naval depot and dock yard on our northern coast, we learn that the commissioners of the navy are also charged with the general survey of our coast, and that they have issued orders to the officers employed on both those services. With a view to the instruction of our young officers, the vessels employed in these surveys are to be wholly manned by them. MILITARY. Col. M'Ree, of the engineers, and major Thayer, distinguished and accomplished officers, have just returned to their country from Europe, whither they went to perfect their science and enlarge their knowledge. Kidnapping. Two men of respectable connections, lately convicted of kidnapping negroes in De laware, have been publicly whipped and cropped.There is no penitentiary in that state. Well as these men may have have deserved the severest punishment, we regret that they have thus been patented for villains the remainder of their days: but this vile business must be stopped, if possible. Ship timber. The government of the U. States, has purchased of Richard Hartshorne, Esq. what is commonly called Sandy Hook, a very large and valuable peninsula, extending from the Portland Highlands to the sea, a distance of seven miles. On this large tract of land there is a considerable quantity of valuable cedar, which, in time, must become useful in ship building. The sum paid, we understand, was 20,000 dollars. M. F. Gaz. Fayetteville, N. C. June 17. New wheat was sold yesterday for two dollars per bushel. Specie flows in abundantly. The British sloop of war Cherub, with $600,000 on board from Jamaica and Havana, stopped on Charleston on the 16th inst. to land 300,000-the rest is for England. A vessel has arrived at Baltimore from Jamaica, with 96,000 St. Stephens, (Miss. Ter.) May 23.-Our readers -and many others with smaller sums at different will be able to judge when they read in this day's paper, the late talk of the arch villain Woodbine ports. WOODBINE-AGAIN. Indian warfare. The indians on the frontiers of to the Creek Indians, which has been the cause of Georgia have lately committed many depredations- the late murders committed on our unoffending stealing cattle, horses, &c. and sometimes murder citizens of the frontier, by the lower Creeks. The ing the people. A small party assembled at Clark's Talk alluded to, was handed us for publication by Mills, in Camden county, to pursue a body of them, a gentleman of veracity from fort Jackson, who who came up with the Indians, and killed three of them. The whole frontier is in a state of alarm; and this rencontre may lead to an open rupture. The season Divine Providence has thus far fa was called on by the Big Warrior to consult and return an answer. He informs us, that every word and deed of the Big Warrior, on this occasion, has been that of a patriot and a true friend to the Unit vored us with the most delightful season for vege-ed States. It is not our wish to implicate the Bri tation that we have seen for several years. In oppo sition to all the reports about Hessian flies and cut worms, all accounts agree in assuring us of the prospect of the greatest crops of all sorts of grain ever raised in the United States. Thelate wet weather has, however, caused some uneasiness. Sheep. A merino buck, at a place called Waterloo, in New-York, was sheared on the 23d ult. of a fleece weighing fourteen pounds. Connecticut. It appears by a report of a commit. * The captain receives a certain per centum as freight-his own perquisite. tish government in this business, but we would only remark, that it would be well to watch more narrowly, the conduct of some of their agents, or rather that they select men for such important stations of more honesty and truth than col. Wood bine. [Halcyon. Copy of a Talk sent from the British, agent in East Florida, to the Big Warrior, head chief of the Creek nation of Indians. When the English made peace with the Americans, they included the whole of the Indian nations, viz, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Chero : 1 kee; those nations were guaranteed in the quiet me know who they are, and send me an answer as possession of their lands, and the Americans engag- soon as possible, to the present talk. ed to give up such lands of the Indians as they had taken possession of during the war. If they have not done so, or if they have been making further encroachments, the chiefs have only to represent their complaints and the aggressions of the Americans, to the governor of New-Provi OPONEY, his x mark. Written by order of the aforesaid Oponey, the 11th March, 1817. A. ARBUTHNOTT. New-Orleans, May 7.-The following letter will Extract of a letter from an indian agent at Natchi- Indian agency, Natchitoches, March 25th, 1817. dence, who will forward them to England, or get be read by the public with deep and serious attenthem conveyed to the British minister at Washing- tion. ton, who has orders from the king of England to see that the rights of the nations above inentioned are protected, and the stipulations contained in the treaty, IN THEIR FAVOR, are faithfully carried into execution. The Americans have no wish to go to war with Great Britain; they will not, therefore, do ber of warriors, and the geographical position of any thing contrary to the treaty, and what encroach- the several Indian tribes connected with this agency, ments have been made, must be without the know- taken from the best source of information I am able ledge of the chief of the American government: to obtain. Those marked thus* are supposed to be and so soon as he is informed thereof by the Bri- under the influence of Tooling and the Caddo chief. tish minister at Washington, he will order the Ame- On his (the Caddo chief's) return from St. Antorican people who have taken possession of Indian nio, not long since, he delivered a speech to the lands, to DRAW BACK to their own possessions. Haines and Natchitoches to the following effect: The Indian nations are all one great family; they "You recollect when our old friend Tooling told possess lands their great forefathers handed down us not to permit the Americans and their Indians to them, and they ought to hand them down entire to come into this country, they would kill all our to THEIR children. If they sell their land, what do game. We were fools and did not believe him; they receive for it? Nothing that will last-it is now you see his words were true: the Americans wasted away in a few years. Whether, therefore, and their Indians have killed all our deer and bufthey sell or give it away, they are robbing their faloe, and it is difficult to get meat for our families: children of the inheritance they had a right to ex- I am just returned from St. Antonio, and my advice pect. As a great family they ought to live as such is, that you have your bous and arrows ready. with each other: let the four nations join in bonds "Our old father, the king of Spain, will soon be of brotherly love; let them smoke the pipe of peace; here and drive all the Americans to their own counlet the cultivation of their lands be their chief ob- try; and when any of their traders come among you, ject during the spring and summer, and hunting if you cannot get goods at your own prices, seize their diversion during winter; and the produce of and carry them to St. Antonio." their labor will be bought by good people, who Similar talks have been given on Red river, and will come and deal with them, when they know some of our traders have been mal-treated: their there is any thing to be purchased for goods or mo licenses have been torn, and they were threatened to be driven out of the country: The Indians said it was Tooling's and the Caddo chief's orders to do 90. I have also seen a letter signed Morphy, who is said to be the Spanish consul at New Orleans, to the chief of the Appaches, inviting him to Havana without a moment's delay. The simultaneous circumstances induce a belief. that the Spaniards are attempting to engage the attention of the Indians for some future operations in this quarter. Mr. Crowinshield, in his incomparable vessel, Cleopatra's barge, was at Madeira on the 1st of May The head chiefs of the Upper Creek nation, have desired me, Oponey, to get the straight talk for them; what is written in the foregoing, I believe to be the true and straight talk, received from an Eng--from thence he was about to proceed to coast and lishman, who carried two deputies to New-Provi- visit the whole shores of the Mediterranean. dence, and has returned with them to Okolokne. The report that Mr. Webster had sold the copy I Oponey, have been sent by you, the head chiefs of the Upper Creek nation, to see the Seminole Indians; 1 have done so; they live quietly and peaceably, and wish to do so with all their red Brethren in every part of the nation. right of his spelling book to the Messrs Goodwins, of Hartford, (see page 240,) is not true. Opoy Hatcho has desired me to see those things; I have done so, and see all quiet, and had the talk I now send you, and shaken hands with the friend dependence street," in Perrypolis, which we believe who gave it me. 1 Towns and villages jump up so suddenly in some parts of the United States that it is at times no easy matter to know where they are by their names. We have received the first number of a well looking newspaper published at the "upper end of In is in Pennsylvania, near Connelsville. It is not noted in any of our books as a town, or mentioned in the post office lists. untrue talks that you send me from time to time, must be made by some person, an enemy to all us Red Brethren, and ought not to be listened to; let plaister of paris has lately been brought across the lake to this place. It is said the quality is superior, *Alias, the notorious Woodbine, *This enclosure, for obvious reasons, it is deemed improper to publish at this moment. That the friend I have met came over with goods, by desire of the chiefs of the Lower-towns, and is a true friend to the Indians. The various and Erie. Penn. June 7. A considerable quantity of No. 19 OF VOL. XII.] BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, JULY 5, 1817. Hac olim meminisse juvalit.--VIRGIL [WHOLE NO. 305. PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. MILES. AT TAX HEAD OF CHEAPAIDE, AT 85 PER ANNUM. "POLITICAL ECONOMY, No. 3," is inserted in the present sheet. The subjects proposed to be no ticed will occupy two numbers more. Secret Papers. = and its commerce with the West-Indies, are too obvious to need enumeration. What then should be the answer of the executive of the United States to lord Dorchester, in case he should apply for permission to march troops through the territory of the said states from Detroit to the Mississippi? What notice ought to be taken of the measure, if it should be undertaken without leave, which is the most probable proceeding of the two? Mr. Adams will oblige the President of the United States by giving his opinion in writing on The editor is indebted for the following papers to "Inclosed are four papers.-No. 1. A letter from President Washington, Aug. 27, 1790; No. 2. Ano ther letter on the same subject, on the same day, Aug. 27, 1790. No. 3. First rough draught of an answer, in my hand writing. 4. A copy of my an swer to the president, which was sent to him, dated August 29, 1790, and which, if it was not consumed in the Vandalion combustion of Washington, is probably now in being among the archives of the president. "I have motives of private honour and public duty for wishing to preserve these papers in print. Your repository is the best: and if you will insert them you may. But, whether you print them or not, I pray you to return them to me, as I find it is necessary for me to preserve VOUCHERS." The consequences of having so formidable and enterprising a people as the British on both our flanks Mr. ADAMS. GEO. WASHINGTON. (No. III.) NEW-YORK, August 29, 1790. Sin-That New-Orleans, and the Spanish posts on the Mississippi, will be among the first attempts of the English, in case of a war with Spain, ap pears very probable: and that a combined operation from Detroit, would be convenient to that end cannot be doubted. The consequences, on the western settlements, on the commerce with the West-Indies, and on the general security and tranquility of the American confederation, of having them in our rear, and on both our flanks, with their navy in front, are obvious. The interest of the United States duly weighed, and their duty conscientiously considered, point out to them, in the case of such a war, a neu trality as long as it may be practicable. The people of these states would not willingly support a war, and the present government has not strength to command, nor enough of the general confidence of the nation to draw the men or money necessary until the grounds, causes and necessity of it should become generally known and universally approved. A pacific character, in opposition to a warlike temper, a spirit of conquest or a disposition to military enterprise, is of great importance to us to preserve in Europe: and therefore we should not engage even in a defensive war, until the necessity of it should become apparent, or at least, till we have it in our power to make it manifest in Europe, as well as at home. In order to preserve an honest neutrality, or even the reputation of a disposition to it, the United States must avoid as much as possible, every real wrong, and even every appearance of injury to either party. To grant to lord Dorchester, in case he should request it, permission to march troops through the territory of the United States, from Detroit to the Mississippi, would not only have an appearance offensive to the Spaniards, of partiality to the English, but would be a real injury to Spain. The answer, therefore, to his lordship should be a refusal, in terms clear and decided, but guarded and dignified; in a manner, which no power has more at command than the President of the United States. If a measure so daring, offensive and bos and rear, with their navy in front, as they respect tile, as the march of troops through our territory our western settlements, which may be seduced to attack a friend, should be hazarded by the Engthereby, as they regard the security of the union lish, without leave, or especially after a refusal, it is not so easy to answer the question-What notice pleasure or amusement, will be employed to divert ought to be taken of it? The situation of our coun- and warp them from the true line of their duty, and try is not like that of most of the nations in Europe. the impartial honor and interest of their country. They have generally large numbers of inhabitants To the superior lights and information derived from in narrow territories. We have small numbers scat- office, the more serene temper and profound judgtered over vast regions. The country through ment of the President of the United States, these which the Britons must pass from Detroit to the crude and hasty thoughts, concerning the point Mississippi is, I suppose, so thinly thi inhabited, and at proposed, are humbly submitted, with every sentisuch a distance from all the populous settlements, ment, &c. &c. that it would be impossible for the President of the United States to collect militia or march troops sufficient to resist the enterprise. Af er the step shall have been taken there are but two ways for us to proceed-one is war and the other negociation. Spain would, probably, remonstrate to the President of the United States; but, whether she should or not, the President of the United States should remonstrate to the king of Great Britain. It would not be expected, I suppose, by our friends or enemies that the United States should declare war at once. Nations are not obliged to declare war for every injury, or even hostility. A tacit acquiescence under such an outrage, would be misinterpreted on all hands; by Spain as inimical to her, and by Britain as the effect of weakness, disunion and pusillanimity. Political Economy-No. III. PROPOSITION THE FOURTH. That manufactures establish a steady home market that may be depended upon, and have been found every where to give a stimulus to agriculture-in which it will appear that it is not always the interest of individuals to purchase a foreign article because they cun get it for less money than the domestic one costs. PROPOSITION THE FIFTH. That it is by manufactures, only, that we can bring into operation the whole productive labor of our country; which is the true and only certain source of wealth in any one. PROPOSITION THE SIXTH. That certain manufactures, now exceedingly depressed, such as those of iron, for instance, must be supported, being indispensable to our political independence-and that these manufactures being annihilated, cannet suddenly be restored, if we should want them ever so much. PROPOSITION THE SEVENTH. Thut the high price of labor, as the phrase is, is no objection to manufacturing-for all wise nations prohibit the importation of [or lay heavy duties upon] many things they want, which they could get for less money from abroad than they make them for at home. Instance England, who refuses to receive the cotton goods of her own colonies in Asia. Negociation, then, is the only other alternative. Negociation, in the present state of things, is attended with peculiar difficulties. As the king of Great Britain twice proposed to the United States an exchange of ministers, once through Mr. Hartley, and once through the duke of Dorset, and, when the United States agreed to the proposition, flew from it, to send a minister again to St. James', till that court explicitly promises to send one to America, is a humiliation to which the United States ought never to submit. A remonstrance from sovereign to sovereign cannot be sent but by an ambas sador of some order or other: from minister of state to minister of state it might be transmitted în many other ways. A remonstrance, in form of We think we have very clearly shewn that it is a letter, from the American minister of state to impossible for us, merely as an agricultural people, the duke of Leeds, or whoever may be secretary to clothe and supply ourselves in the comfortable, of state for foreign affairs, might be transmitted and, to a certain extent, in the luxurious manner through an envoy, minister plenipotentiary or am- that we now do. With the most prosperous state bassador of the president of the United States, at of things and at the very highest, and, indeed, exParis, Madrid or the Hague, and through the Bri- orbitant prices for the product of the soil, we seem tish ambassador at either of those courts. The to have the capacity to raise a value of utmost length that can be now gone, with dignity, selves and our horses Leaving a surplus of $495,653,000 But our wants for clothing, &c. are And there would be an absolute an- 314,612,000 181,041,000 310,000,000 $128,959,000 This deficit, enormous as it is, under the circum would be to send a minister to the court of London, of which we require, to subsist ourwith instructions to present his credentials, demand an audience, and make his remonstrance, but to make no establishment, and demand his audience of leave and quit the kingdom in one, two or three months, if a minister of equal degree was not ap pointed and actually sent to the President of the United States from the king of Great Britain. It is a misfortune that, in these critical moments and circumstances, the United States have not a minister of large views, mature age, information and judgment, and strict integrity, .t the court of France, stances supposed, would be immensely increasedSpain, London and the Hague; early and authentic if we required the import of 310 millions instead intelligence from those courts, may be of more im- of 60 or 70, and had for export the value of 180 portance than the expence: But as the representa-instead of the 60 or 70: the value of the imported tives of the people as well as of the legislatures, are goods, by the increased demand, might be raised of a different opinion, they have made a very scanty 50 per cent., and that of those to be exported be provision for but a part of such a system. As it is, depressed at the same rate, by their increased surGod knows where the men are to be found who are plus. Value is an arbitrary term as measured by qualified for such missions and would undertake money; for it depends altogether upon the plenty them. By an experience of ten years, which made or scarcity, or demand, of the article valued. Mo me too unhappy at the time to be ever forgotten, I ney may become cheap as well as any thing elseknow that every artifice which can deceive, every witness the report that the governor of the besieg temptation which can operate on hope or fear, ambi. ed city of Angustura (see page 236) had given tion or avarice, pride or vanity, the love of society, three dollars for a cat, for food. In other circumstances, as many millions of cats as there are grains and additionally to manufactures, is sufficient to get of sand on the sea shore, would not fetch one cent, rid of a surplus that, without manufactures, and as animals for the food of men. Bat by balancing labor, this new proposed agriculture, it would be imposor subdividing it between sible for us to dispose of at agriculture and manufactures, we overcome these amount, is really so much profit absolutely gained. all-and, therefore, the otherwise insuperable difficulties-create a home It follows then, with individuals as well as with the market that takes off the surplus, and keeps down nation, that it may not be our interest to purchase the price of imported commodities to a reasonable the foreign article because of its lesser price than ainount. This is easily shewn The whole amount of days' labor in the United States, that might be applied to agriculture, is esti mated at Besides that of the unproductive classes and which cannot be brought into the common stock We say that there are now engaged in the manufacture of cotton, wool, flax and iron-in the distilleries and breweries, and in the works of glass, clay, and pa per As seamen, watermen, fishermen, shipwrights, &c. Suppose we add to those classes 154,000 100,000 100,000 And, agreeing to make our own sugar and molasses, take froin the other classes 50,000 Left for agriculturalists, mechanics and manufacturers, other than those of the few descriptions named the domestic one-and for the very best of reasons, not pay for it. The principle may be elucidated by (a "Paddy's reason" I confess) because we could the following case, which, though it may he au ex2,437,000 treme one as applied to an individual, and apparent. ly of small account, is exactly the state in which we, as a nation, would be placed without manufac tures. Farmer A. 50 or 60 miles distant from a market -i. e. a body of consumers, not growers of grain and other vegetables-has a very fine kitchen garden in which he raises more cabbages, beans, peas, &c. than his family can or will use, and they pe rish on their stalks. But B. a saddler, settles in his neighborhood and says to him, "I will give you a saddle every year, or make or mend harness for you to its value, for the surplus of your garden stuffs." "Nay," says farmer A. "for these stuffs at Baltimore, Philadelphia, or New-York would fetch me double the price of a saddle-it is not a fair 404,000 exchange, and you shall not have them." "Well then," returns B. "I will raise them for myself, or vegetables perish as before, or are not planted as they might be. A. car 2,033,000 do without them," and the We have conceded that the labor of agricultural-ries his wheat to the city, and of its proceeds buys ists, including the value of their own food, &c. a saddle; the cost of which is as completely lost to may be rated at $233 per hand. Then 404,000 hands at 233 would be equal to $94,132,000 And they would manufacture or con sume him forever as if he had thrown the money into the river-for he might have had as good a one for that which produced him no value at all. It appears to me that this is sound doctrine, applicable to every country, as long as the value of a thing is determined by the quantity and demand for it. To a certain extent there is a demand for our 40,000,000 agricultural products, and at times for more than we have to spare: but with Europe at peace, and blessed with her usual crops, she may as well sup11,250,000 ply us as we supply her with bread-stuffs and meats 10,250,000 -and she would do it, by the cheapness of labor, if she were not so oppressed by the requisitions of 12,000,000 her governments. And, indeed, and besides, to encourage and support their own agriculture, some 167,632,000 of the nations will not receive supplies of these on any terms-it is in cases of necessity, only, that The 5th proposition is manifested in the facts al Which, deducted from the $181,041,000 worth of they open their ports, and thus prevent a fair and surplus, would immediately reduce it to about 14 regular competition from us-without which we millions-if so low was thought adviseable, and could have no chance of making a profit in the end. keep the world rather dependent on us than make ourselves dependent upon any part of it. For a fo- ready stated. By an entire attention to agriculture reign market for the balance that we might have we have a quantity of labor sufficient to raise an to spare would be commanded, instead of sought for. uncertain value that may amount to 495,653,000 or Here, then, is an instant and complete relief to be less than half that sum: but by manufacturing agriculture-but even this, important as it is, is but to a reasonable extent we either consume or coma small part of the advantages that we should de- mand a market for agricultural products of the cerrive from this little insensible change of our habits. tain value of 400 millions, and create a value in We might be furnished with 19-20ths of all the goods worth 250 millions more-a certain differmanufactured articles we should want, and have an ence of at least 150 millions every year in our faample balance to supply us with luxuries desired, vor. the product of the shipping interest, and the labor may remember it) originates in the advantages deThis vast amount, (I repeat it that every one of our invaluable seamen being added to that of the rived from labor-saving machinery, and from bringmanufacturing classes. ing into operation the whole productive labor of the The first section of the 4th proposition is, in my people. opinion, so entirely demonstrated as safely to be left where it is. The home market, created by the vital importance, and I exceedingly regret that I The 6th proposition involves a subject of vast and simple transfer of a certain portion of labor equal shall have to dismiss it without a full exposition, to that of 150,000 hands, from the present pursuits which I must do fron: the want of particular facts. of agriculture to another business of agriculture, The iron trade is mach depressed-almost ruined. |