The Spanish American Reader

ditions which almost exactly, duplicate those in the northern; he will find the same lack of hampering tradition and the same free play of individual effort and opportunity; the same boundless expanse of territory and the same generous breadth of horizon. He will find also the same problems in education, immigration, naturalization, racial amalgamation and government, and a literature which cannot fail to thrill him with a keen sense of relationship to his Latin-American cousins.

Even to understand Spain, Spanish America must be taken into account, since, to paraphrase the words of a well-known English poet, "They little know Hispania, who only España know," and certainly no consideration of Spanish literature can afford to ignore the action and reaction, the play and interplay of thought and feeling which, finding their earlier expression largely in belligerent verse, have gradually mellowed into the noble and tender sentiment of friendship and unity of spirit which to-day permeates the literature of both the mother land and that of her independent daughters in the New World. To-day the mother land sends her millions to the free countries of the New World where, far from being compelled to abandon their cherished ideals, they are encouraged to expand them to undreamed-of horizons where the romantic soul of Spain finds its long-sought-for opportunity.

To understand rightfully the present renaissance in Spain as revealed in the almost unprecedented prosperity

of her rural population, the multiplying of schools and libraries endowed in many instances by unknown "hands across the sea," the American student of Spanish must take into account the transcendental symbiosis through the agency of which lethargic Spain is being quickened and vitalized by her former colonies. He must perceive and appreciate that the Spanish world as a whole is again expanding, and that there is no part of its complex and diverse whole which has not made its specific contribution toward that beneficent achievement. He must realize that no study of the language common to all these parts is complete, therefore, which fails to keep in full view the complete background.

Three unusual features should commend this Spanish American Reader to the attention of the teacher of Spanish. First, the wide range in style and subject matter, combined with the dominantly idiomatic form of expression, enlivened by the dialogue in which a large part of the text matter is written. Such living forms of expression, embodied as they are in subjects closely related to Spanish American activities and conditions of to-day, afford the most practical kind of material for everyday use. Second, the opportunity this book offers for oral and written exercises by substituting the numerous "Variants” — a practically new and important feature-in the footnotes for the original expressions in the text. Third, the very considerable mass of

first-hand information bearing directly upon subjects of the greatest interest to students in the United States, and the opportunity they afford for the discussion of Spanish American topics.

I cannot close this foreword without acknowledging my indebtedness to the Pan-American Union for exact data and information; to the New York Public Library and the Hispanic Society of America for the facilities afforded in the copying of excerpts; to Las Novedades for permission to reprint certain text matter; to Dr. Homero Serís for his assistance in collecting Spanish Americanisms; and, last but certainly not least, to the Spanish Department of D. C. Heath & Co., the publishers, for valuable suggestions and assistance in planning the book and in the preparation of the manuscript.

NEW YORK, September 7, 1916.

ERNESTO NELSON