| sidered their approbation of every measure as a sine qua non to success.Ramon Guiraquiz was indefatigable in his applications in favour of Sir John Downie, and at last succeeded; but not, as the Chancellor of the Exchequer stated, in getting him appointed a Lieutenant General on the staff of the expedition; his only rank is that of Brigadier and he is inferior to all the staff officers employed. On his arrival at Cadiz, he was received most coldly by Morillo, who, from his residence in England, (limited as it was) was enabled to form a pretty ac- The capture of Monte Video has placcurate judgment of General Sir John ed the whole eastern part of Spanish Downie. In addition to which, he con-America in the power of the Patriots, sidered him solely as an Inquisition Gene An army of 40,000 men, flushed with val, and from his residing constantly with | conquest, most of them “ Patriots of the the Priests, he received the Spanish nick-" soil," accustomed to habits of freedom, name of " El Inquisitore Ynglese." For and detesting tyranny, either civil, relifive months, the expedition remained in gious, or military, would have laughed to preparation at Cadiz, and during the scorn Morillo's army of 8,000 nen, even whole of that time, (so cold was the re- with the aid of his Holy Brotherhood De: ception he met with on his reporting putation, the Pope's Bull with which they himself to General Mori...) he continued were furnished, and the threatened Auto with the deputation of the Inquisition at de Fé, which was to have been celebratSeville, and never once joined the army ed in honour of God, on their arrival in antil its embarikation, when he arrived | America. Morillo himself is known with the Holy Brethren, having with him never to have been at all sanguine of suca Lieutenant Steele of the Marines, and cess. The priests imagined, that their was appointed to the same ship with fulmination of burning in this world, and Ramon Guiraquiz! This Lieut. Steele damnation in the next, would have effecleft England in the year 1813, having tually put down the efforts of the rebeen permitted by the Admiralty to enter volutionary party; and that quiet subthe Spanish service in the corps of Gene- mission to the " San Benito," would have ral Doyle, who being totally without been the immediate consequence of their officers, came to England to recruit for first appearance. Cevallos, however, who them in the Eritish service; and finding is still at the head of the government at none to be got at in the regiments of the Madrid, began to find that the expedition line, he applied to the marines, where he would have been a certain sacrifice, while succeeded in getting half a dozen, one of the ships, and their stores and equipments whom is Sir John Downie's follower, Lieut. would have been an important acquisition Steele, who, also, in imitation of his mas- to the revolutionists; and it is understood ter, calls himself by some pompous desig- by the best informed Spaniards here, that nation-if not General, certainly at least certain information was received of the Colonel. complete establishment of the New Government. However this may be, it is certain that the expedition is suspended for the present; the troops have all disembarked, and have occupied again their old quarters at Cadiz, the Isla, St. Maria, and Puerto Real; and the priests have returned, sotne of them to Seville, where Ramon Guiraquiz has himself gone; and the remainder occupy the great convent of the Dominicans, near the Water Gate at Cadiz. In the mean time, the Inquisition is not idle:-All the revolutionists have been publicly excommunicated in course. Thus stood the expedition, when after repeated disappointments it sailed; but, owing to some unexplained caase, it has returned to port, and it is said its destination is changed. What will now become of Sir John Downie remains to be seen. Perhaps he will return to the Inspectorship of his Palace at Seville. At all events, he has little chance of being employed in the regular Spanish army, where his Inquisition merits are very thoroughly understood, and properly ap-. preciated. General Morillo looked upon these men with suspicion:-he remembered, that while he was bravely fighting at the head of his guerillas, Sir John Downie was otherwise employed at Madrid; and perhaps judging not over favorably of the man, who, notwithstanding that he owed his all to the late government, had been ungrateful enough to be a principal operator in its destruction, he avoided all communication with him, and left him to the society of his friends the priests, with whom alone he had any sort of inter every church in Spain. All communication with them is denounced under the severest penalties, and a complete separation is effected between the colonies and the mother country. The evils which this will produce, will no doubt be at first, most severely felt, but the consequences must eventually be beneficial to both parties. All revolutionary governments are liberal in their policy. They will no doubt invite all Europe to a free trade, and thus commercial prosperity will be both given and received; while, on the other hand, Old Spain, where indolence and inactivity have so long been habitual, will give way to exertion. This will arise from the scarcity of the precious metals, which the revolution must necessarily produce. Under the old system, so abundant was the supply of gold and silver, that little labour was necessary to obtain support. A most material change will now be produced, and I have no doubt, that if the government is not so stupidly blind to its own existence, as to still encourage the dominion of the priests, and the ignorance of the people, that a material alteration will take place in the general habits and pursuits of the whole nation. in conversation with them. One of the pro-proctors (who was of Trinity College) accompanied by the marshal of the univer tity, stopped the young women, and charged them with having been in conversation with the gownsmen. They in vain denied the fact. The pro-proctor desired them to follow him, which they did attended by the marshal. The gownsmen perceiving the young women were stopped, and supposing that it might have been occasioned by their having apparently been in their company, returned and begged leave to assure the pro-proctors that no blame whatever was imputable to the young women; but they were desired to go to their College, and the females were escorted to Exeter College, where the marshal learned that the Vice Chancellor was engaged, and would not be spoken with. The pro-proctor upon being informed of this circumstance, desired they might be taken to the marshal's house, and said that he would send the senior proctor to them. The marshal obeyed the pro-proctor's directions, and conducted them to his house, where the senior proctor came soon afterwards. The young women asked what they had been brought there for. The proctor said that the pro-proctor had informed him they had been talking to the gownsmen. This they denied, and begged they might be liberated. The proctor replied that they must be confined there all night, and taken before the Vice-Chancellor in the morning to exculpate themselves. They then requested that their mother might be sent for; but this was refused by the proctor, who immediately left the house, desiring the marshal to confine them. The marshal conducted them into a room up stairs (the usual place of confinement for common prostitutes,) and locked them up. Perceiving the marshal before he left the room was about to UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD. take away the candle, the girls begged SIR,-To the many instances of the they might have a light and a fire. But abuses of the proctorial power in theUni- he told them it was as much as his place versity of Oxford, which have been lately was worth to allow them to have either animadverted upon, in your Register, I the one or the other; and they were conbeg leave to add the following: On the fined all night, without fire, candles, or 29th of November, 1811, two young wo- any sort of refreshment. In the course of men, the daughters of a widow in the the evening, their mother, and two of middling rank of life, resident in Oxford, their friends, wished to be admitted, but were in the High-street, near St. Mary's were refused. About nine o'oleck the Church, betwen four and five o'clock in fol owing morning, the marshal desired the afternoon, when two gownsmen cross-them to prepare to go before the Viceed the way, and endeavoured to engage Chancellor, and then left them. Ee re In my next letter, I shall trouble you with a statement of the operation of the Inquisition upon trade, commerce, and agriculture. In this country, an Englishman can with difficulty understand how these great causes of national prosperity can be interfered with by the church. I shall explain this, and will shew clearly, that Spain possesses every requisite to rival the most favoured commercial nations, if a wise and liberal government were to give spirit and energy to the exertions of the people. I am, &c. March 1, 1815. N CIVIS. and perhaps ruinous in its consequences. To which may be added, that publicity, in those cases, is extremely unpleasant to females, as it may be the means of subjecting their characters, however pure, to uncharitable remarks, and ille natured surmises. Oxford, Feb. 18. 1815, . FREEDOM OF SPEECH. turned to them at twelve o'clock, and told them that they were to be liberated without going before the Vice-Chancellor, upon which they came down stairs and walked home. An action was brought in the Court of Kings' Bench against the proctor, pro-proctor, and marshal, for false imprisonment.. The University claimed their recognizance of the cause, which was allowed.--The plaintiffs, whose expences were already to a considerable sum, were advised to drop all SIR, Knowing that you as much despise farther proceedings, as the cause must panegyric, as I do the panegyrist, it is have been determined in the Vice Chan- not my intention to pass fulsome com cellor's Court, where there is no jury, and pliments, but merely to shew to the where it might have been protracted to a world what happy effects are produced great length of time, and have been atten- by the perseverance of plain truth.-ded with much additional expence; not The fact is, your plain arguments have to mention this trifling circumstance, greatly tended to convert an educated that the proctor himself, the very man man, and an original enemy to your Rewho was one of the defendants, might gister.-From my intimacy and friendhave sat with the assessor, and his bro- ship with him, I have constantly sent ther proctor, as one of the judges! Now it him to read, Sometimes he would, and it must be observed that the conduct of sometimes he would not look at it. the proctors was not only unnecessarily Time, the tryer of all things, as your corharsh and severe, but illegal. That this respondent on Religious Persecution was the opinion of the Vice-Chancellor, says, eradicated that rancour, and curimay be inferred from the circumstance osity predominating, led him occasionof the young women being liberated, ally to look it over, till at last conviction without appearing before him, who, if got the better of his prejudice, and I am any thing whatever could have been pro- happy to state, that we are now as unitved against them, would not have dis- cd in politics as we are sincere in missed them without reprimand. It friendship. The wonder working effects would have been unjustifiable and illegal, of your uncontaminated reasoning is also even if the young women had been com- proved in your forcing a rebut from Sir mon prostitutes, for they had been guilty J. C. Hippisley, to your animadversions of no ill-behaviour, and the pro-proctor on the abominable Times Newspaper interposed his authority, at a time of day, report of what you justly censured as an when he had no power of exerting it ex- impropriety in Sir John's (supposed) illicept on matriculated persons. Punish-beral and ungentlemanly attack on Mr. ment, in this case, if inflicted at all, Madison, the President of the only free should have been inflicted on the gowns country in the world. I cordially particimen; but they were allowed to escape pate with you when you say, "you cannot with impunity.Instances similar to the help wishing that a respectable English above, I have reason to think, have fre- "gentleman had refrained from the use quently occurred, though the individu-" of a phrase fit to be applied only to als who suffered had no opportunity of "the head and members of a government bringing their cases before the public; "of a very different description." I could a circumstance that will not be wonder- have wished that you had named the ed at, when it is considered that aggres-government, but I have a pretty good sions of this nature are generaily committed against persons who cannot take any expensive measures to obtain redress, as by their own situation or that of their relations and friends, they are more or less dependent on the University, and to whom any resistance or opposition to those members of it who are clothed with authority, might be very detrimental key to this when I look to your extracts from a Pamphlet written by Mr. Thorpe, the Chief Justice of the Colony of Sierra Leone, (on the subject of the slave trade) to Mr. Wilberforce, a sanctified member of parliament, a suppressor of vice; a good old man, who would rather die thau be deprived of the pleasure and power of cramming Bible down our throats.-Sir J. C. Hippis- 'ral position, that it was consistent with the prio AMERICAN Doc S. ren some lowed the example of the principles uniformly and invariably asserted in substance, and frequently avowed in express terms, by the British Governcolonial charters granted by the British Monarchy, ment itself. What was the meaning of all the from that of Virginia, by Elizabeth, to that of Georgia, by the immediate predecessor of the present King, if the Indians were the Sovereigns and proprietors of the lands bestowed by those charters? What was the meaning of that article in the Treaty of Utrecht, by which the Five Nations were described in terms as subject to the dominion of Great Britain? or that of the treaty with the Cherokees, by which it was declared that the King of Great Britain granted them the privilege to live where they pleased, if those subjects were independent sovereigns, and if these tenants at the licence of the British King, were the rightful lords of war should yield to the British arms a of the lands where he granted them permission tary possession of other parts of the territory of to live? What was the meaning of that proclathe United States, such events would not alter theirmation of his present Britannic Majesty, issued in views with regard to the terms of peace to which 1763, declaring all purchases of lands null and they would give their consent. Without recurring void, unless made by treaties held under the sanction to examples drawn from the Revolutionary Govern- of his Majesty's Government, if the Indians had Bients of France, or to a more recent and illus- the right to sell their lands to whom they pleased ? trious triumph of fortitude in adversity, they What was the meaning of boundary lines of have been taught by their own history that the ocAmerican territories, in all the treaties of Great sapation of their principal cities would produce no Britain with other European Powers having Amedespondency, nor induce their submission to the rican possessions, particularly in the treaty of dismemberment of their empire, or to the aban-163, by which she acquired from France the donment of any one of the rights which constitute sovereignty and possession of the Canadas-in her a part of their national independence. The gene-treaty of peace with the United States in 1783?-- Continued from may be permitted to add, that even nces en The Treaty of Grenville neither took from the Indians the right, which they had not, of selling lands within the jurisdiction of the United States to foreign Governments or subjects, nor ceded to them the right of exercising exclusive jurisdiction within the boundary line assigned. It was merely declaratory of the public law, in relation to the parties, founded on principles previously and universally recognised. It left to the United States the rights of exercising sovereignty and of acquiring soil, and bears no analogy to the proposition of Great Britain which requires the abandonment of both. The British Plenipotentiaries state in their last Note, that Great Britain is ready to enter into the same engagement with respeer to the Indians living within their lines of demarcation as that which is proposed to the United States. The undersigned will not dwell on the immense inequa lity of value between the two territories, which, under such an arrangement, would be assigned, by each nation, respectively, to the Indians, and which alone would make the reciprocity merely nominal. The condition which would thus be imposed, on Great Britain not to acquire lands in Canada from the Indians, would be productive of no advantage to nay, what is the meaning of the north western boun- with the Treaty of Grenville. These principles have dary line now proposed by the British Commissi-been uniformly recognised by the Indians themoners themselves, if it is the rightful possession selves, not only by that treaty, but in all the and sovereignty of independent Indians, of which other previous as well as subsequent treaties between these boundaries dispose? Is it indeed necessary them and the United States. to ask, whether Great Britain ever has permitted, er would permit, any foreign nation, or without her consent, any of her subjects, to acquire lands from the Indians, in the territories of the Hudson Bay Company or in Canada? In formally protesting against this system, it is not against a novel pretension of the American Government---it is against the most solemn acts of their own sovereigns, against the royal proclamations, charters, and treaties of Great Britain for more than two centuries, from the first settlement of North America to the present day that the British Plenipotentiaries protest. From the rigour of this system however, as practised by Great Britain and all the other European Powers in America, the humane and liberal policy of the United States has voluntarily relaxed. A celebrated writer on the Jaws of nations, to whose authority British jurists have taken particular satisfaction in appealing, after stating, in the most explicit manner, the legitimacy of colonial settlements in America, the exclusion of all rights of uncivilised Indian tribes, has taken occasion to praise the first settlers of New England, and the founder of Pennsylvania, in laving purchased of the Indians the lands they resolved to cultivate, not withstanding their being furnished with a charter from their sovereign. It is this example which the United States, since they became by their independence the sovereigns of the territory, have adopted and organised into a political system. Under that system the Indians residing within the United States, are so far independent, that they live under their own customs, and not under the laws of the United States; that their rights upon the fands where they inhabit or hunt are secured to them by boundaries defined in anicable treaties between the United States and themselves; and that whenever those boundaries are varied, it is also by amicable and voluntary treaties by which they receive from the United States ample compensation for every right they have to the lands ceded by them. They are so far dependent as not to have the right to dispose of their lands to any private persons, nor to any power, other than the United States, and to be under their protection alone, and not under that of any other power, Whether called subjects, or by whatever name designated, such is the relation between them and the United States. That relation is neither) asserted now for the first time, nor did it originate ited States, and is, therefore, no equivalent for the sacrifice required of them. They do not consider that it belongs to the United States, in any respect to interfere with the concerns of Great Brita er American possessions, or with her policy the Indians residing there; and they the interest of Great Britain to s in Canada, to their present the country to the west a perfor ever inhabited by scattered out it would inflict a vital injury oned States to have a line run through then territory, beyond which their settlements should for ever be precluded from extending, thereby arresting the natural growth of their population and strength; placing the Indians substantially.s by virtue of the proposed guarantee, under the pros tection of Great Britain, dooming them to perpetual barbarism, and leaving an extensive frontier for ever exposed to their savage incursions. Signed as before. 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