The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-StatesUniversity of California Press, 1997 M10 10 - 380 páginas The Paradox of Plenty explains why, in the midst of two massive oil booms in the 1970s, oil-exporting governments as different as Venezuela, Iran, Nigeria, Algeria, and Indonesia chose common development paths and suffered similarly disappointing outcomes. Meticulously documented and theoretically innovative, this book illuminates the manifold factors—economic, political, and social—that determine the nature of the oil state, from the coherence of public bureaucracies, to the degree of centralization, to patterns of policy-making. Karl contends that oil countries, while seemingly disparate, are characterized by similar social classes and patterns of collective action. In these countries, dependence on petroleum leads to disproportionate fiscal reliance on petrodollars and public spending, at the expense of statecraft. Oil booms, which create the illusion of prosperity and development, actually destabilize regimes by reinforcing oil-based interests and further weakening state capacity. Karl's incisive investigation unites structural and choice-based approaches by illuminating how decisions of policymakers are embedded in institutions interacting with domestic and international markets. This approach—which Karl dubs "structured contingency"—uses a state's leading sector as the starting point for identifying a range of decision-making choices, and ends by examining the dynamics of the state itself. |
Contenido
The Modern Myth of King Midas Structure Choice and the Development Trajectory of States | 3 |
Spanish Gold to Black Gold Commodity Booms Then and Now | 23 |
The Special Dilemma of the PetroState | 44 |
The Making of a PetroState | 71 |
Oil and Regime Change The Institutions of Pacted Democracy | 92 |
The Instant Impact of a Bonanza | 116 |
The Politics of Rent Seeking | 138 |
From Boom to Bust The Crisis of Venezuelan Democracy | 161 |
Commodities Booms and States Revisited | 222 |
Research Note | 243 |
Statistical Appendix | 245 |
Statistical Appendix Citations | 274 |
Notes | 275 |
Bibliography | 299 |
333 | |
PetroStates in Comparative Perspective | 189 |
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administrative agencies agriculture Algeria authoritarian Banco Bank became behavior Betancourt bolívares borrowing budget bureaucracy capacity capital capital-deficient Caracas Carlos Andrés Pérez Chapter choice commodity COPEI created crisis decision-making decisions democratic dependence developing countries development trajectories domestic Dutch Disease economic El Nacional elections especially expenditures Fedecámaras figures Financial Statistics Yearbook fiscal foreign Gómez growth impact important income increase Indonesia initial institutions interests International Financial Statistics International Monetary Fund investment Iran jurisdiction labor Latin America ment Mexico million Nigeria non-oil Norway oil boom oil companies oil exporters oil industry oil prices oil rents oil revenues oil-exporting countries oil-led development OPEC organized pacted democracy party patterns percent Pérez petro petro-state petrodollars petroleum policymakers political president private sector production reform rent seeking rentier role rule social spending state's structure Table tion U.S. DOLLARS University Press Venezuela World