In the old or western harbour of Alexandria were found two Turkish frigates and one corvette. One frigate mounted 28 long 18-pounders (French caliber) on the main deck, and six long 8-pounders and six 18-pounder carronades on the quarterdeck and forecastle; total 40 guns, all brass. The other frigate mounted 26 long brass 12, and eight long brass 6 pounders, total 34 guns; and the corvette 14 long 6, and two long 18-pounders, also of brass.

On the 22nd Vice-admiral Duckworth, with a part of his squadron, arrived on the coast. The arrival of this reinforcement induced Major-general Fraser to attack Rosetta and Rhamanieh, chiefly to get a supply of provisions for the garrison. The troops advanced and took possession, without resistance, of the heights of Abourmandour which command the town of Rosetta. In attempting, however, to possess themselves of that town, the troops were completely defeated, and returned to Alexandria with the loss of 400 officers and men killed and wounded, including among the former, the major-general himself. Famine now threatened the city of Alexandria, and Viceadmiral Sir John Duckworth, leaving the command of the squadron to Rear-admiral Sir Thomas Louis (who died soon afterwards on board the Canopus), quitted the coast, for England; where, on the 26th of May, the Royal George safely arrived.

The further operations of the British in Egypt, being wholly of a military nature, need not be here detailed. It may suffice to state, that the troops, being overpowered by numbers, suffered reverses; and after losing upwards of 1000 of their number in killed, wounded, and prisoners, were compelled, in the middle of September, to evacuate Egypt, and re-embark on board their ships. This the British were permitted to do by a convention with the governor of Egypt; who, immediately on their departure, entered the city of Alexandria at the head of a powerful army, and rehoisted on its lofty towers, the standard of Mahomet.

While on the subject of Turkish affairs, we must give some account of the naval war carried on between Russia and the Porte. Vice-admiral Seniavin, who made so bold a proposal to Sir John Thomas Duckworth, had been educated in the British navy, and, if we are rightly informed, subsequently gave a proof of his attachment by retiring from service while hostilities existed between Russia and England. The squadron now under his orders, and of which Rear-admiral Greig was the second in command, consisted of the

With this fleet, having taken possession of the islands of Lemnos and Tenedos, and placed a garrison in the latter, the Russian admiral blockaded the Dardanells. Another Russian squadron cruised off the mouth of the Bosphorus, and effectually cut off all communication between Constantinople and the Black Sea.

Emboldened by their success over a formidable squadron of the far-famed British, the Turks hastened to equip their fleet to act against the Russians in the Archipelago. With this stimulus to their exertions, the Turks managed, by the middle of May, to equip a squadron of eight sail of the line, six frigates, some ship and brig corvettes, and about 50 gun-vessels. On the 19th this fleet passed the Dardanells, and, finding that the Russian admiral had gone to the island of Imbro, steered for Tenedos. Here the Turks endeavoured to land a body of troops, but were repulsed, and stood over to the coast of Natolia. On the 22nd the two fleets got a sight of each other; and that of the Turks immediately crowded sail to escape through the Dardanells. After a running fight of two hours, the Turkish admiral succeeded in sheltering himself under the guns of the castles that guard the straits, but not without, it appears, losing three of his ships by stranding upon Cape Janizary.

Owing to this disaster, it was not until the 22nd of June that the Turks were again able to make their appearance outside the Dardanells. On that day 10 sail of the line, including one three-decker, with six frigates and five smaller vessels, anchored off the island of Imbro. They shortly afterwards steered for Tenedos, and, disembarking a strong body of Turks, retook the island. On the 1st of July the Russian fleet descried the Turkish fleet off the island of Lemnos. An engagement ensued, which lasted all day, and terminated in the alleged loss to the Turks of three ships of the line and three frigates. The latter and two of the former were driven on shore. The other was captured, and proved to be the ship of the captain bey, mounting 80 brass guns, and manned with 774 men; of whom, exclusive of the loss on board the other ships, 230 were killed

and 160 wounded: a sufficient proof of the obstinate manner in which the Turks had defended themselves. That they were by no means so skilful as they were brave, is evident from the small loss sustained by the Russians; which amounted, on board of all their ships, to only 135 killed and 409 wounded. It was a circumstance as singular as it was fortunate, that, on board the captured Turkish ship, were found young Harwell and his four fellow-prisoners. A short time afterwards, falling in with the Kent 74, Captain Edward Oliver Osborn, the Russian admiral sent them on board that ship.

Having completely defeated the Turks, and compelled them a second time to retire to the Dardanells, Vice-admiral Seniavin took measures to recover possession of Tenedos. On the 9th he appeared off this island with his fleet, and summoned the Turkish general to surrender upon a capitulation. This the latter did; and on the 10th the Turkish garrison, numbering 4600 men, was transported to the coast of Asia. The treaty of Tilsit, of which we have already given some account, having effected a total change in the politics of Alexander, Vice-admiral Seniavin, on the 24th of August, concluded an armistice with the Porte. He then, after detaching Rear-admiral Greig, with the Moscow, St. Petro, and some smaller vessels, to take possession of the island of Corfu, ceded to Russia by France under the treaty above named, hastened, with the remaining nine sail of the line and one frigate, to get out of the Mediterranean and into the Baltic before the expected rupture between Russia and England should render that a difficult undertaking.

British and Portuguese Fleets.

At the very time that the columns of the Moniteur were filled with invectives against England, for violating the neutrality of Denmark, the French emperor was marching an army to the frontiers of Portugal; and that not because the latter had relaxed her neutrality in favour of Great Britain, but because she had hitherto refused wholly to abrogate it in favour of France. Napoleon had the modesty to demand, that Portugal should shut her ports against the commerce of England, and should detain the subjects of the latter and sequestrate their property thus compelling the prince regent virtually to declare war against the ancient ally of his house, merely to indulge the rancour of the French emperor, and assist him with a fleet of ships in his meditated plan of adding Ireland to the number of

his conquests. Awed, at length, by the near approach of General Junot and an army of 40,000 men, and swayed probably by the arguments of the powerful French faction that existed in the heart of his capital, the prince regent, on the 20th of October, declared by proclamation, that he had judged it proper "to accede to the cause of the continent," and shut his ports against the men-of-war and merchantmen of Great Britain.

Intelligence of this proceeding reached England early in November; and the following nine sail of the line, which had been previously got ready, quitted Portsmouth and Plymouth, under the command of Rear-admiral Sir Sidney Smith, bound straight to the Tagus:

In the autumn of the preceding year a threat of Napoleon's that he would conquer Portugal, had induced the British government to send Earl St. Vincent and a squadron to Lisbon, with the offer of money and troops to assist in repelling the invaders; or, should that, in the state of the country, be deemed impracticable, and the prince regent prefer a removal to his South-American dominions, the admiral was to protect him and his family thither. But the sudden hostility of Russia and Prussia compelled the French emperor to direct the whole of his energies against them; and Portugal, for the present, was allowed to retain her independence. Napoleon's successful career in the north having again left him at leisure, he once more bent his view upon Portugal, and with more earnestness than ever.

A case for British interference had thus again occurred, and it remained to be seen, whether the prince regent, in aid of the "continental cause," meant to make a further trial of the forbearance of England; or, in fulfilment of former assurances, would consent to retire, with his family, fleet, and army, into a safe asylum in the Brazils. Suffering his fears, however, again to get the better of his discretion, the prince regent, on the 8th of November, signed an order for the detention of the few British

subjects, and of the inconsiderable portion of British property, that yet remained in Lisbon. Immediately on the publication of this order, the British ambassador, Lord Strangford, demanded his passports, presented a final remonstrance against the recent conduct of the Portuguese court, and on the the 17th joined Sir Sidney's squadron, which had just arrived off the coast.

A rigid blockade was forthwith declared, and enforced, by the British admiral against the Tagus. After this measure had been tried for a few days, Lord Strangford, on the 27th, went to Lisbon in the ship-sloop Confiance, Captain James Lucas Yeo, bearing a flag of truce, to propose to the Portuguese government, as the only condition upon which the blockade would be raised, the alternative, of either surrendering the fleet to England, or of employing it in the removal of the prince regent and his family to the Brazils. Convinced by the reasoning of Lord Strangford, assured, in the fullest degree, of British protection, and not uninfluenced, probably, by a suspicion of Buonaparte's real views respecting the house of Braganza, of which the Moniteur had just given a hint, by threatening that the dynasty of Braganza should no longer exist, the prince regent, on the same day, proclaimed his intention to retreat, with the queen his mother, and all the royal family, to his dominions in America, there to establish himself in the city of Rio de Janeiro until a general peace; and he appointed a regency to govern the kingdom in his absence.

It fortunately happened that the bulk of the Portuguese fleet, whether prepared for this or for some other purpose, was in readiness to put to sea. Accordingly, on the 29th, in the morning, Vice-admiral don Manuel d'Acunha Sottomayor, with the 84-gun ship Principe-Reale, 74s Conde-Henrique, Medusa, Principe-de-Brazil, and Rainha-de-Portugal, 64s Alfonso-d'Albuquerque, Don-Joan-de-Castro, and Martino-de-Freitas; frigates Minerva, of 44, Golfinho, of 36, and Urania and another, with whose name we are unacquainted, 32 guns; three 20-gun brig corvettes, and one 12-gun schooner, having on board the whole of the royal family of Braganza, along with many of the prince's faithful counsellors and adherents, and accompanied by about 20 large armed merchant-ships, filled with cargoes and passengers, set sail from Lisbon. In the course of a few hours this fleet, conveying altogether about 18,000 Portuguese inhabitants, arranged itself under the protection of that of the British; and the friendly junction of the two fleets was immediately announced by a reciprocal salute of 21 guns.