acknowledgments for the protection he had afforded to the trade of that port. In February, 1809, he set sail for England, having under charge a valuable convoy of Indiamen. Off the Isle of France they encountered a violent hurricane, in which four of the richest ships foundered with all on board, and the flag-ship had well nigh suffered the same fate, had not the great exertions of the Admiral and his fine crew carried them safe through the gale, and enabled them to reach England with the surviving ships, just five years from the date of his departure.

A few months after his arrival, he was recalled into active service as Commander-in-Chief of the fleet then blockading the Scheldt, and hoisted his flag on board the Christian the Seventh, of 98 guns. While intent on watching the movements of the French fleet at Flushing, many anxious months passed, without gratifying his very sanguine hopes of a battle, until the spring, when the Admiral was appointed to the more important and interesting command of the Mediterranean fleet, and, hoisting his flag in the Caledonia, of 120 guns, proceeded to relieve Sir Charles Cotton on that station. The various successes achieved by the ships under his command throughout the Mediterranean are recorded elsewhere. But the great wish of his heart was a general action. Twice, indeed, the Caledonia, with a part of his squadron, had a partial engagement with the rear of the French fleet, while exercising off Toulon, which served but to whet his appetite for a decisive battle. How long and earnestly Sir Edward maintained th eblockade of the enemy's superior force at that port unconscious that their imperious master had forbidden them to attack him how well he provided for the perfect equipment and supply of his own fleet, which was necessarily employed at very distant points throughout that extensive station, every officer employed in his high disciplined fleet can bear ample testimony. But less generally known to those under his command, was the anxious and incessant occupation of his mind in upholding the patriot cause on the eastern coast of Spain, and co-operating with the British forces employed

in that quarter, while at the same time he was engaged in measures for reviving the loyal spirit of the southern provinces of France in favour of their rightful sovereign, and in endeavouring to detach the Italian states from their alliance with Napoleon. At length the progress of events once more united the great powers of Europe, which, in the course of the war, had successively yielded to the rule of the usurper; and while Sir Edward was preparing for the immediate attack of Genoa and Leghorn, he received the unexpected intelligence that the French Emperor was already a fugitive from his capital; and, shortly after, that he had been embarked as a passenger on board one of the Admiral's own frigates, on his way to Elba. Genoa meanwhile was invested by the British forces from Sicily, under Lord William Bentinck, supported by Sir Edward Pellew, with a considerable portion of his line-of-battle ships; but the siege had scarcely commenced, when on the second day the French Commandant proposed terms of capitulation; and a few days after, the joyous tidings of the treaty of Paris restored our soldiers and sailors to their own shores, this being the last exploit of that eventful war.

To mark the high approval of the Admiral's general conduct which was entertained by his Sovereign, he was, on the 14th of May, 1814, raised to the peerage by the title of Baron Exmouth of Canonteign, with the usual pension of 2000l. per annum. Upon his return to England, his Lordship was further honoured with the riband of the Bath, and, a year after, he received the Grand Cross of the same order.

On the escape of Napoleon from Elba (which all foresaw from the moment the Allied Powers appointed that island for his residence), a squadron was hastily despatched to the Mediterranean under the command of Lord Exmouth, who proceeded thither in His Majesty's ship Boyne, of 98 guns, and placing himself immediately in communication with the Bourbon interests in the south of France, and with the Austrian general in Italy, effectually prevented any hostile movement of the French fleet at Toulon, and mainly contributed to the

restoration of the legitimate sovereign of Naples. The decisive battle of Waterloo at length extinguished every hope of the fallen Napoleon, and peace was once more restored to Europe.

In the month of March, 1816, the British government directed Lord Exmouth to proceed to the several States of Barbary, and insist upon the liberation of all Christian slaves who were subjects of our allies. The negotiation was managed with much address, and when conciliation failed, he placed his ships with such judgment, to enforce compliance, as to obtain an unreserved engagement to comply with the terms of his proposition. This being accomplished, the Admiral set sail for England, but had scarcely been welcomed to his own home, when tidings were received that the Barbary Powers had violated all their engagements almost as soon as the British squadron had quitted the Mediterranean; and that the whole object of his negotiation must now be carried by force of arms. For this purpose another expedition was equipped without delay. Lord Exmouth hoisted his flag on board the Queen Charlotte, and on the 26th of July proceeded to Gibraltar, where he was joined by the Dutch Admiral Capellen, with six frigates, and thence sailed direct for Algiers.

In consequence of the continuance of adverse winds and calms, the land to the westward of Algiers was not made before the 26th of August. The next morning at day-break the British fleet, and the Dutch frigates by which it was accompanied, were advanced in sight of the city, though not so near as was intended. As the ships were becalmed, Lord Exmouth despatched a boat under cover of the Severn, with a flag of truce, and the demands he had to make, in the name of the Prince Regent, on the Dey of Algiers. After a delay of three hours, during which the sea-breeze had enabled the fleet to reach the bay, the boat was seen returning with a signal flying, that no answer had been received. The Commander-in-Chief instantly made the signal to know if the ships were all ready, which being answered in the affirmative

the Queen Charlotte bore up, followed by the fleet, for their appointed stations; the flag, leading in the prescribed order, was anchored at the entrance of the Mole, at about fifty yards distance, and the other ships took their stations with admirable precision.

The battle commenced at a quarter before three P. M., by a shot fired from the shore at the Queen Charlotte, who was then lashing to the main-mast of a brig, fast to the shore in the mouth of the Mole, and two at the ships to the northward then following, which were promptly returned, and a fire as animated and well supported as was ever witnessed kept up until nine o'clock, without intermission, and which did not cease altogether until half past eleven; when many of the barbarians' ships being in flames, and certain of the destruction of the whole, Lord Exmouth considered he had executed the most important part of his instructions, and made preparations for withdrawing the ships. After much warping and towing, by the help of a light air of wind, the whole came to an anchor out of reach of shells, about two in the morning, after twelve hours' incessant labour.

The flotilla of mortar, gun, and rocket-boats, shared to the full extent of their power in the honours of this day, and performed good service; it was by their fire all the ships in the port (with the exception of the outer frigate) were in flames, which extended rapidly over the whole arsenal, &c. exhibiting a spectacle of awful grandeur and interest, that no pen can describe. The sloops of war, which had been appropriated to aid and assist the ships of the line, and prepare for their retreat, performed not only that duty well, but embraced every opportunity of firing through the intervals, and were constantly in motion. The shells from the bombs were admirably well thrown by the Royal Marine Artillery; and although crossing over the large ships, not an accident occurred. The Dutch Admiral Van Capellen, with his frigates, covered the British ships from the enemy's flanking batteries, on which he kept up a good fire.

The result of this dreadful conflict was :-The abolition,

for ever, of Christian slavery; the liberation of all slaves in the territory of Algiers; reparation to the British Consul for all losses sustained by him in consequence of his confinement; a public apology made by the Dey to the same gentleman; the recovery of 382,500 dollars for Naples and Sardinia; the destruction of four large frigates, of 44 guns each; five large corvettes, from 24 to 30 guns each; thirty gun and mortar-boats; several merchant brigs and schooners; a number of small vessels of various descriptions; all the pontoons, lighters, &c.; and a great many gun-carriages, mortar-beds, casks, and ships' stores of all descriptions: besides the storehouses and arsenal, with all the timber and various marine articles, destroyed in part, and between 6 and 7000 Algerines killed and wounded. The total loss in the combined squadrons amounted to 141 killed, and 742 wounded; which,

* The following is a list of the ships and vessels employed under the orders of Lord Exmouth, in the attack upon Algiers, Aug 27th, 1816, exclusive of the mortar-boats, &c.